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valina [46]
3 years ago
12

Liquid water enters an adiabatic piping system at 15°C at a rate of 8kg/s. If the water temperature rises by 0.2°C during flow d

ue to friction, the rate of entropy generation in the pipe is?
Engineering
1 answer:
Gennadij [26K]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

23 W/K

Explanation:

Entropy of water at 15°C is 224.5 J/kg/K.

Entropy of water at 15.2°C is approximately 227.4 J/kg/K (interpolated).

The increase in entropy is therefore:

227.4 J/kg/K − 224.5 J/kg/K = 2.9 J/kg/K.

So the rate of entropy generation is:

2.9 J/kg/K × 8 kg/s = 23.2 W/K

Rounded to two significant figures, the rate is 23 W/K.

You might be interested in
A silicon carbide plate fractured in bending when a blunt load was applied to the plate center. The distance between the fractur
Amanda [17]

Question in order:

A silicon carbide plate fractures in bending when a blunt load was applied to the plate center. The distance between the fracture origin and the mirror/mist boundary on the fracture surface was 0.796 mm. To determine the stress used to break the plate, three samples of the same material were tested and produced the following. What is the estimate of the stress present at the time of fracture for the original plate?

Mirror Radius (mm) Bending Failure Stress (MPa)

0.603                         225

0.203                         368

0.162                         442

Answer:

191 MPa

Explanation:

Failure stress of bending is Inversely proportional to the mirror radius

Bending Stress = \frac{1}{(Mirror Radius)^{n}}

At mirror radius 1 = 0.603 mm   Bending stress 1 = 225 Mpa..............(1)

At mirror radius 2 = 0.203 mm  Bending stress 2 = 368 Mpa...............(2)

At mirror radius 3 = 0.162 mm   Bending stress 3 = 442 Mpa...............(3)

comparing case 1 and 2 using the above equation

\frac{Stress 1}{Stress 2} = ({\frac{Radius 2}{Radius 1}})^{n_1}

\frac{225}{368} = ({\frac{0.203}{0.603}})^{n_1}

0.6114 = (0.3366)^{n_1}

Taking the natural logarithm of both side

ln(0.6114) = n ln(0.3366)

n₁ = ln(0.6114)/ln(0.3366)

n₁ = 0.452

comparing case 2 and 3 using the above equation

\frac{Stress 2}{Stress 3} = ({\frac{Radius 3}{Radius 2}})^{n_2}

\frac{368}{442} = ({\frac{0.162}{0.203}})^{n_2}

0.8326 = (0.7980)^{n_2}

Taking the natural logarithm of both side

ln(0.8326) = n ln(0.7980)

n₂ = ln(0.8326)/ln(0.7980)

n₂ = 0.821

comparing case 1 and 3 using the above equation

\frac{Stress 1}{Stress 3} = ({\frac{Radius 3}{Radius 1}})^{n_3}

\frac{225}{442} = ({\frac{0.162}{0.603}})^{n_3}

0.5090 = (0.2687)^{n_3}

Taking the natural logarithm of both side

ln(0.5090) = n ln(0.2687)

n₃ = ln(0.5090)/ln(0.2687)

n₃ = 0.514

average for n

n = \frac{n_1 + n_2 + n_3}{3}

n = \frac{0.452 +0.821 + 0.514}{3}

n = 0.596

Hence to get bending stress x at mirror radius 0.796

\frac{Stress x}{Stress 3} = ({\frac{Radius 3}{Radius x}})^{0.596}

\frac{Stress x}{225} = ({\frac{0.603}{0.796}})^{0.596}

\frac{Stress x}{225} = 0.8475

stress x = 191 MPa

3 0
3 years ago
Is santa real or nah is santa real or nah
Elena L [17]

Answer:

nah

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A transformer has 300,000 windings in its primary coil and uses 12,000V AC input. (4 points) How many windings would be needed t
viva [34]

Answer:

  2750

Explanation:

The number of windings and the voltage are proportional.

__

Let n represent the number of windings to produce 110 Vac. Then the proportion is ...

  n/110 = 300,000/12,000

  n = 110(300/12) = 2750 . . . . multiply by 110

2750 windings would be needed to produce 110 Vac at the output.

7 0
2 years ago
Compare a series circuit powered by six 1.5-volt batteries to a series circuit powered by a single 9-volt battery. Make sure the
lana [24]

Answer:

Both series circuits provide a total voltage of 9 volts to the two bulbs connected in series and the voltage will be equally divided among two bulbs and they will have same brightness. Therefore, both circuits will have same characteristics.

Explanation:

We are asked to compare two series circuits having equal number of light bulbs.

1st circuit is powered by 6 batteries each having a voltage of 1.5V

2nd circuit is powered by a single battery having a voltage of 9V.

The six batteries in the 1st circuit can be connected together in series or in parallel.

When the batteries are connected in series (positive terminal of one battery connected to negative terminal of another battery) their voltage gets added which means

Voltage of pack = number of batteries*voltage of each battery

Voltage of pack = 6*1.5

Voltage of pack = 9 volts

But the current remains same in the series connection since there is only path for the current to flow.

On the other hand, when the batteries are connected in parallel, the voltage remains same but the current increases.

Circuit 1:

In this circuit, we have 6 batteries each of 1.5 volts connected in series to provide a voltage of 9 volts.

We have connected 2 bulbs in this series circuit.

The voltage will be equally divided between two bulbs if both bulbs are identical in construction.

So there will be 4.5 volts across each bulb and both bulbs will have same brightness.

Circuit 2:

In this circuit, we have 1 battery which provide a voltage of 9 volts.

We have connected 2 bulbs in this series circuit just like in circuit 1.

The voltage will be equally divided between two bulbs if both bulbs are identical in construction.

So there will be 4.5 volts across each bulb and both bulbs will have same brightness.

Conclusion:

Both series circuits provide a total voltage of 9 volts to the two bulbs connected in series and the voltage will be equally divided among two bulbs and they will have same brightness. Therefore, both circuits will have same characteristics.

3 0
3 years ago
Briefly discuss if it would be better to operate with pumps in parallel or series and how your answer would change as the steepn
Aleksandr [31]

Answer:

1) In series, the combined head will move from point 1 to point 2 in theory. However, practically speaking, the combined head and flow rate will move along the system curve to point 3.

2) In parallel, the combined head and volume flow will move along the system curve from point 1 to point 3.

Explanation:

1) Pump in series:

When two or more pumps are connected in series, their resulting pump performance curve will be obtained by adding their respective heads at the same flow rate as shown in the first diagram attached.

In the first diagram, we have 3 curves namely:

- system curve

- single pump curve

- 2 pump in series curve

Also, we have points labeled 1, 2 and 3.

- Point 1 represents the point that the system operates with one pump running.

- Point 2 represents the point where the head of two identical pumps connected in series is twice the head of a single pump flowing at the same rate.

- Point 3 is the point where the system is operating when both pumps are running.

Now, since the flowrate is constant, the combined head will move from point 1 to point 2 in theory. However, practically speaking, the combined head and flow rate will move along the system curve to point 3.

2) Pump in parallel:

When two or more pumps are connected in parallel, their resulting pump performance curve will be obtained by adding their respective flow rates at same head as shown in the second diagram attached.

In the second diagram, we have 3 curves namely:

- system curve

- single pump curve

- 2 pump in series curve

Also, we have points labeled 1, 2 and 3

- Point 1 represents the point that the system operates with one pump running.

- Point 2 represents the point where the flow rate of two identical pumps connected in series is twice the flow rate of a single pump.

- Point 3 is the point where the system is operating when both pumps are running.

In this case, the combined head and volume flow will move along the system curve from point 1 to point 3.

5 0
2 years ago
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