Dark matter may explain <span>unexpected orbital velocities of stars in galaxies.</span>
Answer:
(a) 
(b) The charge inside the shell is placed at the center of the sphere and negatively charged.
Explanation:
Gauss’ Law can be used to determine the system.

This is the net charge inside the sphere which causes the Electric field at the surface of the shell. Since the E-field is constant over the shell, then this charge is at the center and negatively charged because the E-field is radially inward.
The negative charge at the center attracts the same amount of positive charge at the surface of the shell.
A - the amount of time needed to travel the distance
The formula for speed is distance/time and the unit is m/s. Therefore you divide the distance travelled by the time it took to travel it.
A land form is a natural feature of earths surface and a land mark is can be man-made or natural and it is used to mark something significant.