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hoa [83]
3 years ago
5

The earth has a net electric charge that causes a field at points near its surface equal to 150 N/C and directed in toward the c

enter of the earth. (a) What magnitude and sign of charge would a 60-kg human have to acquire to overcome his or her weight by the force exerted by the earth’s electric field? (b) What would be the force of repulsion between two people each with the charge calculated in part (a) and separated by a distance of 100 m? Is use of the earth’s electric field a feasible means of flight? Why or why not?
Physics
1 answer:
Bezzdna [24]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

a) The magnitude of the electric charge that a 60-kg human must have to overcome weight is 3.923 coulombs and its sign is negative.

b) The force of repulsion between two people is 13.851\times 10^{6} newtons. The use of the earth's electric field a feasible means of flight is not feasible since electric force of repulsion would destroy human body before taking advantage of any possible flight skill.

Explanation:

a) From Second Newton's Law, we form this equation of equilibrium:

\Sigma F = F_{E}-W = 0 (Eq. 1)

Where:

F_{E} - Electrostatic force exerted on human, measured in Newton.

W - Weight of the human, measured in Newton.

If we consider that human can be represented as a particle and make use of definitions of electric field and weight, the previous equation is expanded and electric charge is cleared afterwards:

q\cdot E-m\cdot g = 0

q = \frac{m\cdot g}{E} (Eq. 2)

E - Electric field, measured in Newtons per Coloumb.

m - Mass, measured in kilograms.

g - Gravity acceleration, measured in meters per square second.

q - Electric charge, measured in Coulomb.

As electric field of the Earth is directed in toward the center of the planet, that is, in the same direction of gravity, electric field must be a negative value. If we know that m = 60\,kg, g = 9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} and E = -150\,\frac{N}{C}, the charge that a 60-kg human must have to overcome weight is:

q = \frac{(60\,kg)\cdot \left(9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)}{-150\,\frac{N}{C} }

q = -3.923\,C

The magnitude of the electric charge that a 60-kg human must have to overcome weight is 3.923 coulombs and its sign is negative.

b) The electric force of repulsion between two people with the same charge calculated in part (a) is determined by Coulomb's Law, whose definition we proceed to use:

F = \kappa \cdot \frac{q^{2}}{r^{2}} (Eq. 3)

Where:

\kappa - Electrostatic constant, measured in Newton-square meter per square Coulomb.

q - Electric charge, measured in Coulomb.

r - Distance between two people, measured in meters.

If we know that \kappa = 9\times 10^{9}\,\frac{N\cdot m^{2}}{C^{2}}, q = -3.923\,C and r = 100\,m, then the force of repulsion between two people is:

F = \left(9\times 10^{9}\,\frac{N\cdot m^{2}}{C^{2}} \right)\cdot \left[\frac{(-3.923\,C)^{2}}{(100\,m)^{2}} \right]

F = 13.851\times 10^{6}\,N

The force of repulsion between two people is 13.851\times 10^{6} newtons. The use of the earth's electric field a feasible means of flight is not feasible since electric force of repulsion would destroy human body before taking advantage of any possible flight skill.

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<u>Answer:</u> The change in entropy of the given process is 1324.8 J/K

<u>Explanation:</u>

The processes involved in the given problem are:

1.)H_2O(s)(-18^oC,255K)\rightarrow H_2O(s)(0^oC,273K)\\2.)H_2O(s)(0^oC,273K)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(0^oC,273K)\\3.)H_2O(l)(0^oC,273K)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(100^oC,373K)\\4.)H_2O(l)(100^oC,373K)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(100^oC,373K)\\5.)H_2O(g)(100^oC,373K)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(120^oC,393K)

Pressure is taken as constant.

To calculate the entropy change for same phase at different temperature, we use the equation:

\Delta S=m\times C_{p,m}\times \ln (\frac{T_2}{T_1})      .......(1)

where,

\Delta S = Entropy change

C_{p,m} = specific heat capacity of medium

m = mass of ice = 0.15 kg = 150 g    (Conversion factor: 1 kg = 1000 g)

T_2 = final temperature

T_1 = initial temperature

To calculate the entropy change for different phase at same temperature, we use the equation:

\Delta S=m\times \frac{\Delta H_{f,v}}{T}      .......(2)

where,

\Delta S = Entropy change

m = mass of ice

\Delta H_{f,v} = enthalpy of fusion of vaporization

T = temperature of the system

Calculating the entropy change for each process:

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We are given:

m=150g\\C_{p,s}=2.06J/gK\\T_1=255K\\T_2=273K

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\Delta S_1=150g\times 2.06J/g.K\times \ln(\frac{273K}{255K})\\\\\Delta S_1=21.1J/K

  • <u>For process 2:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\\Delta H_{fusion}=334.16J/g\\T=273K

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

\Delta S_2=\frac{150g\times 334.16J/g}{273K}\\\\\Delta S_2=183.6J/K

  • <u>For process 3:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\C_{p,l}=4.184J/gK\\T_1=273K\\T_2=373K

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\Delta S_3=150g\times 4.184J/g.K\times \ln(\frac{373K}{273K})\\\\\Delta S_3=195.9J/K

  • <u>For process 4:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\\Delta H_{vaporization}=2259J/g\\T=373K

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

\Delta S_2=\frac{150g\times 2259J/g}{373K}\\\\\Delta S_2=908.4J/K

  • <u>For process 5:</u>

We are given:

m=150g\\C_{p,g}=2.02J/gK\\T_1=373K\\T_2=393K

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

\Delta S_5=150g\times 2.02J/g.K\times \ln(\frac{393K}{373K})\\\\\Delta S_5=15.8J/K

Total entropy change for the process = \Delta S_1+\Delta S_2+\Delta S_3+\Delta S_4+\Delta S_5

Total entropy change for the process = [21.1+183.6+195.9+908.4+15.8]J/K=1324.8J/K

Hence, the change in entropy of the given process is 1324.8 J/K

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Answer:

The fraction of its energy that it radiates every second is 3.02\times10^{-11}.

Explanation:

Suppose Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by accelerating charges. The rate at which energy is emitted from an accelerating charge that has charge q and acceleration a is given by

\dfrac{dE}{dt}=\dfrac{q^2a^2}{6\pi\epsilon_{0}c^3}

Given that,

Kinetic energy = 6.2 MeV

Radius = 0.500 m

We need to calculate the acceleration

Using formula of acceleration

a=\dfrac{v^2}{r}

Put the value into the formula

a=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2}{\dfrac{1}{2}mr}

Put the value into the formula

a=\dfrac{6.2\times10^{6}\times1.6\times10^{-19}}{\dfrac{1}{2}\times1.67\times10^{-27}\times0.51}

a=2.32\times10^{15}\ m/s^2

We need to calculate the rate at which it emits energy because of its acceleration is

\dfrac{dE}{dt}=\dfrac{q^2a^2}{6\pi\epsilon_{0}c^3}

Put the value into the formula

\dfrac{dE}{dt}=\dfrac{(1.6\times10^{-19})^2\times(2.3\times10^{15})^2}{6\pi\times8.85\times10^{-12}\times(3\times10^{8})^3}

\dfrac{dE}{dt}=3.00\times10^{-23}\ J/s

The energy in ev/s

\dfrac{dE}{dt}=\dfrac{3.00\times10^{-23}}{1.6\times10^{-19}}\ J/s

\dfrac{dE}{dt}=1.875\times10^{-4}\ ev/s

We need to calculate the fraction of its energy that it radiates every second

\dfrac{\dfrac{dE}{dt}}{E}=\dfrac{1.875\times10^{-4}}{6.2\times10^{6}}

\dfrac{\dfrac{dE}{dt}}{E}=3.02\times10^{-11}

Hence, The fraction of its energy that it radiates every second is 3.02\times10^{-11}.

5 0
2 years ago
26. A baseball traveling 38 m/s is caught by the catcher. The catcher takes 0.1 seconds to stop the ball. What is the accelerati
Furkat [3]

Answer:

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An acceleration of -380 m/s² is the equivalent of 38.736 g's

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

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At time t, the ball stops. This means v = 0

time before stops = 0.1s

Step 2: Calculate the acceleration

v= v0+at

with v= the velocity of the ball at time t = 0. v= 0

with v0 = the velocity of the ball at time t=0. v0 = 38 m/s

with a= the acceleration in m/s²

with t = time in seconds

0 = 38 + a*0.1

a = -380 m/s²

The ball has an acceleration of -380 m/s², this means the ball slows down

An acceleration of -380 m/s² is the equivalent of 38.736 g's

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