At a pressure of one billionth (10–9) of atmospheric pressure, there are about 2.7 × 1010 molecules in one cubic centimeter of a
1 answer:
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A & B
Observe the path of the light ray as it passes through the lenses as shown in the attached images. Concave lenses diverge light rays while the convex lens converges the light rays.
Explanation:
Real images are formed where the rays converge, a property of images by convex lenses. Convex lenses can be used to magnify objects. If the image occurs before the focal point of the lens then the image will be upright but smaller. The images inverts and gets bigger past the focal point.
Virtual images are property of concave lenses. These images appear closer but smaller than the real object.
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For more on images formed by lenses check out;
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Answer:
a) V = - x ( σ / 2ε₀)
c) parallel to the flat sheet of paper
Explanation:
a) For this exercise we use the relationship between the electric field and the electric potential
V = - ∫ E . dx (1)
for which we need the electric field of the sheet of paper, for this we use Gauss's law. Let us use as a Gaussian surface a cylinder with faces parallel to the sheet
Ф = ∫ E . dA = /ε₀
the electric field lines are perpendicular to the sheet, therefore they are parallel to the normal of the area, which reduces the scalar product to the algebraic product
E A = q_{int} /ε₀
area let's use the concept of density
σ = q_{int}/ A
q_{int} = σ A
E = σ /ε₀
as the leaf emits bonnet towards both sides, for only one side the field must be
E = σ / 2ε₀
we substitute in equation 1 and integrate
V = - σ x / 2ε₀
V = - x ( σ / 2ε₀)
if the area of the sheeta is 100 cm² = 10⁻² m²
V = - x (10⁻²/(2 8.85 10⁻¹²) = - x ( 5.6 10⁻¹⁰)
x = 1 cm V = -1 V
x = 2cm V = -2 V
This value is relative to the loaded sheet if we combine our reference system the values are inverted
V ’= V (inf) - V
x = 1 V = 5
x = 2 V = 4
x = 3 V = 3
These surfaces are perpendicular to the electric field lines, so they are parallel to the sheet.
In the attachment we can see a schematic representation of the equipotential surfaces
b) From the equation we can see that the equipotential surfaces are parallel to the sheet and equally spaced
c) parallel to the flat sheet of paper
