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navik [9.2K]
3 years ago
6

What’s the difference between engineering stress and strain and true stress and strain

Engineering
2 answers:
Nana76 [90]3 years ago
4 0

True strain and engineering strain? True stress is defined as the load divided by the cross-sectional area of the specimen at that instant and is a true indication of the internal pressures. ... Engineering stress is defined as the load divided by the initial cross-sectional area of the specimenAnswer:

Explanation:

svetoff [14.1K]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

he value of true stress or true strain is calculated from this instantaneous change in cross section area. ... Conversely, since true strain is calculated by integrating the strain over the entire test, it is larger than engineering strain for the same value of displacement.

Explanation:

True strain and engineering strain? True stress is defined as the load divided by the cross-sectional area of the specimen at that instant and is a true indication of the internal pressures. ... Engineering stress is defined as the load divided by the initial cross-sectional area of the specimen.

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An astronomer of 65 kg of mass hikes from the beach to the observatory atop the mountain in Mauna Kea, Hawaii (altitude of 4205
lara [203]

Answer:

0.845\ \text{N}

Explanation:

g = Acceleration due to gravity at sea level = 9.81\ \text{m/s}^2

R = Radius of Earth = 6371000 m

h = Altitude of observatory = 4205 m

Change in acceleration due to gravity due to change in altitude is given by

g_h=g(1+\dfrac{h}{R})^{-2}\\\Rightarrow g_h=9.81\times(1+\dfrac{4205}{6371000})^{-2}\\\Rightarrow g_h=9.797\ \text{m/s}^2

Weight at sea level

W=mg\\\Rightarrow W=65\times 9.81\\\Rightarrow W=637.65\ \text{N}

Weight at the given height

W_h=mg_h\\\Rightarrow W_h=65\times 9.797\\\Rightarrow W_h=636.805\ \text{N}

Change in weight W_h-W=636.805-637.65=-0.845\ \text{N}

Her weight reduces by 0.845\ \text{N}.

8 0
3 years ago
For the following conditions determine whether a CMFR or a PFR is more efficient in removing a reactive compound from the waste
andrew11 [14]

Answer:

The PFR is more efficient in the removal of the reactive compound as it has the higher conversion ratio.

Xₚբᵣ = 0.632

X꜀ₘբᵣ = 0.5

Xₚբᵣ > X꜀ₘբᵣ

Explanation:

From the reaction rate coefficient, it is evident the reaction is a first order reaction

Performance equation for a CMFR for a first order reaction is

kτ = (X)/(1 - X)

k = reaction rate constant = 0.05 /day

τ = Time constant or holding time = V/F₀

V = volume of reactor = 280 m³

F₀ = Flowrate into the reactor = 14 m³/day

X = conversion

k(V/F₀) = (X)/(1 - X)

0.05 × (280/14) = X/(1 - X)

1 = X/(1 - X)

X = 1 - X

2X = 1

X = 1/2 = 0.5

For the PFR

Performance equation for a first order reaction is given by

kτ = In [1/(1 - X)]

The parameters are the same as above,

0.05 × (280/14) = In (1/(1-X)

1 = In (1/(1-X))

e = 1/(1 - X)

2.718 = 1/(1 - X)

1 - X = 1/2.718

1 - X = 0.3679

X = 1 - 0.3679

X = 0.632

The PFR is evidently more efficient in the removal of the reactive compound as it has the higher conversion ratio.

3 0
3 years ago
Conditions of special concern: i. Suggest two reasons each why distillation columns are run a.) above or b.) below ambient press
lutik1710 [3]

Solution :

Methods for selling pressure of a distillation column :

a). Set, \text{based on the pressure required to condensed} the overhead stream using cooling water.

  (minimum of approximate 45°C condenser temperature)

b). Set, \text{based on highest temperature} of bottom product that avoids decomposition or reaction.

c). Set, \text{based on available highest } not utility for reboiler.

Running the distillation column above the ambient pressure because :

The components to be distilled have very high vapor pressures and the temperature at which they can be condensed at or below the ambient pressure.

Run the reactor at an evaluated temperature because :

a). The rate of reaction is taster. This results in a small reactor or high phase conversion.

b). The reaction is endothermic and equilibrium limited increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.

Run the reaction at an evaluated pressure because :

The reaction is gas phase and the concentration and hence the rate is increased as the pressure is increased. This results in a smaller reactor and /or higher reactor conversion.

The reaction is equilibrium limited and there are few products moles than react moles. As increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right.

7 0
2 years ago
What must engineers keep in mind so that their solutions will be appropriate?
vekshin1

Answer:

Context

Explanation:

It is of great value for an engineer to keep the context of his/her experiment in mind.

7 0
3 years ago
A freshwater jet boat takes in water through side vents and ejects it through a nozzle of diameter D = 75 mm; the jet speed is V
Radda [10]

Answer:

a) 0.0663 m³/s

b) 3.312 N/(m/s)²

c) 16.665 m/s

d) 0.1105 m³/s

Explanation:

See attached pictures.

3 0
3 years ago
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