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swat32
3 years ago
8

The ammonia molecule in the diagram has the observed bond orientation because ...

Chemistry
1 answer:
aivan3 [116]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

  • Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
  • Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
  • Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.

Explanation:

The shape and the bond orientation of molecules and ions are both explained by the valences shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR).

Ammonia, NH_3, is a molecule which contains three N-H bonds, as well as one lone pair on nitrogen. According to the VSEPR theory, molecules try to acquire a shape which would minimize the repulsion exhibited by the electron clouds present, that is, between the bonding (shared in a bond) and non-bonding (lone pair) electrons.

In VSEPR, our main step is to calculate the steric number, this is the sum of the number of bonds (ignoring the multiplicity of any bond) and the lone pairs on a central atom. In ammonia, we have 3 bonds and 1 lone pair, totaling to a steric number of 4. A steric number of 4 without any lone pairs on a central atom and just bonds would yield a tetrahedral shape with bond angles of 109.5^o.

Now, in this case, since we have a lone pair instead of a bond, it is repelling stronger decreasing the bond angles to about 107^o.

The greater the number of lone pairs, the lower the angle becomes.

To summarize:

  • Nitrogen has four pairs of electrons: 3 bonds and 1 lone pair in the valence shell;
  • Electrons repel one another based on the VSEPR theory;
  • Nitrogen has a total of 7 protons (its atomic number is 7) in its nucleus.
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Answer : The percent by mass of the solution is 7.81 %

Explanation : Given,

Mass of NaCl = 8.75 g

Mass of solution = 112.0 g

Now we have to determine the percent by mass of the solution.

\text{Mass percent}=\frac{\text{Mass of NaCl}}{\text{Mass of solution}}\times 100

Putting values in above equation, we get:

\text{Mass percent}=\frac{8.75g}{112.0g}\times 100=7.81\%

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CHEM PLZ HELP, Which thermochemical equation represents the most exothermic reaction?
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Answer:

The answer is option 3, C5H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O.

Explanation:

In an exothermic reaction, the energy change(ΔH) will always be a negative value.

For endothermic reaction, the energy change's value is positive.

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Argon (Ar) and helium (He) are initially in separate compartments of a container at 25°C. The
love history [14]

Answer:

(a) V_B=11.68L

(b) x_{He}=0.533

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since the both gases behave ideally, with the given information we can compute the moles of He in A:

n_A=\frac{0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*298K}{1.974 atm*6.00L}=2.063mol

Thus, since the final pressure is 3.60 bar, we can write:

P=x_{Ar}P_A+x_{He}P_B\\\\P=\frac{n_{Ar}}{n_{Ar}+n_{He}} P_A+\frac{n_{He}}{n_{Ar}+n_{He}} P_B\\\\3.60bar=\frac{2.063mol}{2.063mol+n_{He}} *2.00bar+\frac{n_{He}}{2.063mol+n_{He}} *5.00bar

The moles of helium could be computed via solver as:

n_{He}=2.358mol

Or algebraically:

3.60bar=\frac{1}{2.063mol+n_{He}} *(4.0126+5.00*n_{He})\\\\7.314+3.60n_{He}=4.013+5.00*n_{He}\\\\7.314-4.013=5.00*n_{He}-3.60n_{He}\\\\n_{He}=\frac{3.3}{1.4}=2.358mol

In such a way, the volume of the compartment B is:

V_B=\frac{n_{He}RT}{P_B}=\frac{2.358mol*0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*298.15K}{4.935atm}\\  \\V_B=11.68L

Finally, he mole fraction of He is:

x_{He}=\frac{2.358}{2.358+2.063}\\ \\x_{He}=0.533

Regards.

8 0
2 years ago
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Answer:

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Explanation:

Given data

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Step 1: Calculate the volume of solution

If we assume that <em>the volumes are additive</em>, the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volume of the solute and the solvent.

V = 50 mL + 950 mL = 1000 mL

Step 2: Calculate the percent by volume

We will use the following expression.

\% v/v = \frac{volume\ of\ solute}{volume\ of\ solution} \times 100 \%  = \frac{50mL}{1000mL} \times 100 \% = 5.0\%

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