Boiling is the rapid vaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere. There are two main types of boiling; nucleate boiling where small bubbles of vapour form at discrete points, and critical heat flux boiling where the boiling surface is heated above a certain critical temperature and a film of vapor forms on the surface. Transition boiling is an intermediate, unstable form of boiling with elements of both types. The boiling point of water is 100 °C or 212 °F, but is lower with the decreased atmospheric pressure found at higher altitudes.
Boiling water is used as a method of making it potable by killing microbes that may be present. The sensitivity of different micro-organisms to heat varies, but if water is held at 70 °C (158 °F) for ten minutes, many organisms are killed, but some are more resistant to heat and require one minute at the boiling point of water. Clostridium spores can survive this treatment, but as the infection caused by this microbe is not water-borne, this is not a problem.
Boiling is also used in cooking. Foods suitable for boiling include vegetables, starchy foods such as rice, noodles and potatoes, eggs, meats, sauces, stocks and soups. As a cooking method it is simple and suitable for large scale cookery. Tough meats or poultry can be given a long, slow cooking and a nutritious stock is produced. Disadvantages include loss of water-soluble vitamins and minerals. Commercially prepared foodstuffs are sometimes packed in polythene sachets and sold as "boil-in-the-bag" products.
<u>Answer:</u> The tree was burned 16846.4 years ago to make the ancient charcoal
<u>Explanation:</u>
The equation used to calculate rate constant from given half life for first order kinetics:
where,
= half life of the reaction = 5715 years
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Rate law expression for first order kinetics is given by the equation:
![k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{[A_o]}{[A]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=k%3D%5Cfrac%7B2.303%7D%7Bt%7D%5Clog%5Cfrac%7B%5BA_o%5D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%7D)
where,
k = rate constant = 
t = time taken for decay process = ? yr
![[A_o]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA_o%5D)
= initial amount of the sample = 100 grams
[A] = amount left after decay process = 13 grams
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the tree was burned 16846.4 years ago to make the ancient charcoal
I think this is what you're after:
Cs(g) → Cs^+ + e⁻ ΔHIP = 375.7 kJ mol^-1 [1]
Convert to J and divide by the Avogadro Const to give E in J per photon
E = 375700/6.022×10^23 = 6.239×10^-19 J
Plank relationship E = h×ν E in J ν = frequency (Hz s-1)
Planck constant h = 6.626×10^-34 J s
6.239×10^-19 = (6.626×10^-34)ν
ν = 9.42×10^14 s^-1 (Hz)
IP are usually given in ev Cs 3.894 eV
<span>E = 3.894×1.60×10^-19 = 6.230×10^-19 J per photon </span>
Explanation:
MD: 242 364 7480
Ps: TYSON all can come for talking about
