1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
sveta [45]
3 years ago
9

Which scientist was the first to conclude through experimentation that atoms have positive charges in their nuclei?

Physics
1 answer:
Pavel [41]3 years ago
8 0
<h2>Answer: Ernest Rutherford </h2>

Ernest Rutherford was a British physicist and chemist of New Zealand origin, who conducted a series of experiments together with Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden; where the result led him to propose a new atomic model.

It should be noted that at that time, the "accepted" atomic model was Thomson's raisin pudding atomic model<u> </u><em><u>(electrons with negative charge immersed an the atom of positive charge that counteracted the negative charge of the electrons, like raisings embedded in a pudding)</u></em>, who discovered the electron and formerly was a professor of Rutherford.  

Now, the experiment conducted under the direction of Ruherford at the laboratories of the University of Manchester during the year 1911; was for the purpose of <u>corroborating Thomson's atomic model</u>. To achieve this, a thin metal sheet was bombarded with alpha particles (nuclei of helium gas).

The idea was that these alpha particles, having positive electric charge, were attracted by the atom's negative charges and repelled by the positive charges, and it was expected that they would pass through the thin sheet without hardly deviating. Then, to observe the crash site of the particle, a phosphorescent screen was placed behind and on the sides of the metal sheet.

For according to Thomson's atomic model the positive and negative charges were evenly distributed, the sphere (the atom) had to be electrically neutral, and <u>the alpha particles would pass through the sheet without deviating. </u>

However, the results were surprising:

As expected, most of the particles went through the sheet without deviating.

<h2>But some suffered large deviations and, most importantly, <u>a small number of particles bounced backwards</u>. </h2>

That is:

<h2>The alpha particle beam was scattered (repelled) when it hit the thin metal sheet. </h2>

These facts could not be explained by Thomson's atomic model, so Rutherford developed another, suggesting that:

<h2><em>There is a concentration of charge in the center of the atom (which was later called nucleus) surrounded by electrons. </em></h2>

This new model could explain the proven fact in his experiments that some particles bounced in the direction opposite to the incident particles, because the electrical charge of this nucleus was positive, equal to the electrical charge of the alpha particles.

This is how Rutherford proposed a new atomic model and discovered the existence of the nucleus. However, this was not the definitive model, because on 1913 it was replaced by Bohr's.

You might be interested in
When responding to sound, the human eardrum vibrates about its equilibrium position. suppose an eardrum is vibrating with an amp
vodomira [7]
745.92 hz (b) 
this is hte answer only because i seen it on the question lol
5 0
3 years ago
When would the displacement technique of measuring need to be employed?
Tanzania [10]

Answer:

a is the answer is yes I....

Explanation:

jhjhijbhvfcrsrrtyiiopllmmbcxzaqwryuikmn

5 0
3 years ago
A stone tumbles into a mine shaft and strikes bottom after falling for 4.2 second how deep is the mine shaft
rjkz [21]
4.2*9.8\\41.16

41.16 meters
5 0
3 years ago
What is the momentum of a 200 kg truck travelling at 20 m/s?
geniusboy [140]

Answer:

p = 4000 kg-m/s

Explanation:

Given that,

The mass of a truck, m = 200 kg

Speed of the truck, v = 20 m/s

We need to find the momentum of the truck. The formula for momentum is given by :

p = mv

so,

p=200\times 20\\\\p=4000\ kg-m/s

So, the momentum of the truck is equal to 4000 kg-m/s.

8 0
3 years ago
The following three hot samples have the same temperature. The same amount of heat is removed from each sample. Which one experi
melomori [17]

Complete Question:

The following three hot samples have the same temperature. The same amount of heat is removed from each sample. Which one experiences the smallest drop in temperature, and which one experiences the largest drop? Sample A: 4.0 kg of water [c = 4186 J/(kg·C°)] Sample B: 2.0 kg of oil [c = 2700 J/(kg·C°)] Sample C: 9.0 kg of dirt [c = 1050 J/(kg·C°)]

Answer:

A. Smallest B. Largest.

Explanation:

Assuming no heat exchange except for the heat removed from any sample (which we know is the same for the three ones), and that the process is done using only conduction, we can use the equation that relates the heat lost or gained by one object, with the mass of the object and the consequent change in temperature, as follows:

Q = c*m*ΔT, where c, is a proportionality constant called specific heat, which is different for each material.

As we know that the heat removed is the same for the three samples, we can equate the right sides of the equation for each sample, as follows:

cw*mw*ΔTw = co*mo*ΔTo = cd*md*ΔTd

Replacing by the givens, we have:

4.0 kg. 4,186 J/kgºC*ΔT(ºC) = 2.0 kg*2,700 J/kgºC*ΔT(ºC) =9.0kg*1,050J/kgºC*ΔT(ºC)

As the three expressions must be equal each other, it's clear that the unknown term (the drop in temperature) must compensate the product of the mass times the specific heat.

This product is the following for the three samples:

Water: 4.0 kg*4,186 J/kgºC = 16,744 J/ºC

Oil : 2.0 kg*2,700 J/kgºC    = 5,400 J/ºC

Dirt: 9.0 * 1,050 J/kgºC        = 9,450 J/ºC

Clearly, we see that in order to keep the heat exchange equations equal each other, the water must suffer the smallest drop in temperature, and the oil must experience the largest one.

So, the sample A experiencies the smallest drop in temperature, and sample B does the largest one.

5 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • A parallel-plate capacitor is held at a potential difference of 250 V. A proton is fired toward a small hole in the negative pla
    7·1 answer
  • QUICK PLEASE! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!
    7·2 answers
  • 2. The viscosity of a fluid is to be measured by an viscometer constructed of two 75–cm–long concentric cylinders. The outer dia
    7·1 answer
  • A car traveling 95 km/h strikes a tree. The front end of the car compresses and the driver comes to rest after traveling 0.80 m
    7·2 answers
  • A star of mass 2.0 ✕ 1029 kg that is 1.8 ✕ 1020 m from the center of a galaxy revolves around that center once every 2.2 ✕ 108 y
    7·1 answer
  • A 139 kg physics professor has fallen into the Grand Canyon. Luckily, he managed to grab a branch and is now hanging 89 m below
    15·1 answer
  • Please help ASAP...A satellite takes 24 hours to complete one orbit whilst travelling at a speed of 12 km/s. at what height abov
    15·1 answer
  • GIVING BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP!!
    6·1 answer
  • Can a dragon ride a baby with two heads and a mouth
    5·1 answer
  • is potential energy and kinetic energy real or is it theoretical and is used to explain how thing work? if it is real than where
    7·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!