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Klio2033 [76]
3 years ago
12

Two dogbone specimens of identical geometry but made of two different materials: steel and aluminum are tested under tension at

a fixed load rate. If the displacement rate needed to achieve the specified load rate for aluminum specimen is 0.001 inch/min, determine the displacement rate that must be applied on the steel specimen to achieve the specified load rate. Given, Young's modulus (E) of steel is 29,000 ksi and that of aluminum is 10,000 ksi.
Engineering
2 answers:
Kisachek [45]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

vsteel = 0.00034483 inch/min

Explanation:

Given

vAl = 0.001 inch/min

EAl = 10,000 ksi

Esteel = 29,000 ksi

P is the same value for the dogbone specimens

A is the same value for the dogbone specimens

L is the same value for the dogbone specimens

We can apply

ΔL = P*L/(A*E)

⇒ ΔL*E = P*L/A

then

ΔLAl*EAl = ΔLsteel*Esteel

ΔLAl*10,000 ksi = ΔLsteel*29,000 ksi

⇒ ΔLAl = 2.9*ΔLsteel

If  ΔLAl = 2.9*ΔLsteel  we have

vAl = 2.9*vsteel

0.001 inch/min = 2.9*vsteel

⇒  vsteel = 0.00034483 inch/min

makkiz [27]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

\dot L_{steel} = 3.448\times 10^{-4}\,\frac{in}{min}

Explanation:

The Young's module is:

E = \frac{\sigma}{\frac{\Delta L}{L_{o}} }

E = \frac{\sigma\cdot L_{o}}{\dot L \cdot \Delta t}

Let assume that both specimens have the same geometry and load rate. Then:

E_{aluminium} \cdot \dot L_{aluminium} = E_{steel} \cdot \dot L_{steel}

The displacement rate for steel is:

\dot L_{steel} = \frac{E_{aluminium}}{E_{steel}}\cdot \dot L_{aluminium}

\dot L_{steel} = \left(\frac{10000\,ksi}{29000\,ksi}\right)\cdot (0.001\,\frac{in}{min} )

\dot L_{steel} = 3.448\times 10^{-4}\,\frac{in}{min}

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tangare [24]

Answer:

a) At about 15 to 35 km from the Earth

b) It helps to absorb most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun, that is otherwise too dangerous here on Earth.

c) The depletion of the ozone layer is due to free radical catalysts, like nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydroxyl (OH), but majorly due to atomic chlorine (Cl), and atomic bromine (Br) finding their way up to the the ozone layer.

d) The refrigeration processes and the aerosol aligned industrial processes, are the major culprits.

Explanation:

a) The ozone layer is lies in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from an height of about 15 to 35 kilometers from the surface of the Earth.

b) The ozone layer contains a large portion of ozone, a molecule of oxygen containing three oxygen atom bonded together. This ozone is created at this level by the action of ultraviolet radiation on an ordinary oxygen molecule, splitting it into two oxygen atom. Each of this oxygen atom then proceed to combine with another ordinary oxygen molecule, to form an ozone molecule. The ozone at this layer absorbs a large portion of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

c) The depletion of the ozone layer is due to the presence of some radical, that are able to survive up to the level of the ozone layer. At this level, ultraviolet radiation causes these these radicals to dissociate to give free bromine and chlorine mostly. This chlorine and bromine molecules breaks down the ozone molecules.

d) The various industrial processes includes refrigeration, and the aerosol industries that majorly releases the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons, which are the main culprits of ozone depletion.

5 0
3 years ago
KVL holds for the supermesh, so we can write a KVL equation to generate the second equation we need to solve for the two unknown
kaheart [24]

Answer:

The values of i_x,i_y and i_z as 25 mA, -25 mA and 15 mA while that of V_Δ is -25 V

Explanation:

As the complete question is not given the complete question is found online and is attached herewith.

By applying KCL at node 1

i_x+50mA=i_y\\i_x-i_y=0.05A

Also

V_{\Delta}=1K*i_y

Now applying KVL on loop 1 as indicated in the attached figure

1K*i_y+5K(i_y-i_z)+3K*i_x=0\\3i_x+6 i_y-5i_z=0

Similarly for loop 2

2V_{\Delta}+5K(i_z-i_y)=0\\2*1K*i_y+5K(i_z-i_y)=0\\2K*i_y+5K(i_z-i_y)=0\\3i_y-5i_z=0

So the system of equations become

i_x-i_y+0i_z=0.05\\3i_x+6i_y-5i_z=0\\0i_x-3i_y+5i_z=0

Solving these give the values of i_x,i_y and i_z as 25 mA, -25 mA and 15 mA. Also the value of voltage is given as

V_{\Delta}=1K*i_y\\V_{\Delta}=1K*-25 mA\\V_{\Delta}=-25 V

The values of i_x,i_y and i_z as 25 mA, -25 mA and 15 mA while that of V_Δ is -25 V

8 0
4 years ago
Define Engineering Economy and explain the foundation of Engineering Economy in terms of seven basic principles.
matrenka [14]

Answer:

Check Explanation.

Explanation:

ENGINEERING ECONOMY:

In a simple way, Engineering Economy simply refers to the study of Economics which is related to engineers that is the study of Economic decisions by people in the engineering field. The study of Engineering Economy is very important because Engineering is a major manufacturing part in every country's economy.

With the study of Economics by Engineering that is Engineering Economy, engineers can make rational decisions after seeing alternatives.

The foundation of Engineering Economy in terms of seven basic principles:

(A). Creation of Alternatives: there will always be a problem and every problem had one or more solutions. When a problem has been seen as a problem alternative solutions come in.

(B). Differences in the Alternatives : this part is when engineers makes the best decision(choice) among alternates.

(C). Your viewpoint should be consistent: consistency is power. In order to make decisions in Engineering works or projects, viewpoint should be consistent.

(D). Develop Common Performance Measures: in order to make sure that the project is perfected there should be common performance measures.

(E). Considering Relevant Criteria: relevant Criteria will be met before the best choice is decided

(F). Risk making: Engineering projects should not be put under risk and thus is why this principle is very important.

(G). Decision retargeting: go back to the alternatives and recheck your choices.

6 0
4 years ago
A plate and frame heat exchanger has 15 plates made of stainless steel that are 1 m tall. The plates are 1 mm thick and 0.6 m wi
hodyreva [135]

Answer:

14.506°C

Explanation:

Given data :

flow rate of water been cooled = 0.011 m^3/s

inlet temp = 30°C + 273 = 303 k

cooling medium temperature = 6°C  + 273 = 279 k

flow rate of cooling medium = 0.02 m^3/s

Determine the outlet temperature

we can determine the outlet temperature by applying the relation below

Heat gained by cooling medium = Heat lost by water

= ( Mcp ( To - 6 )  =  Mcp ( 30 - To )

since the properties of water and the cooling medium ( water ) is the same

= 0.02 ( To - 6 ) = 0.011 ( 30 - To )

= 1.82 ( To - 6 ) = 30 - To

hence To ( outlet temperature ) = 14.506°C

6 0
3 years ago
Cryogenic liquid storage. Liquid oxygen is stored in a thin-walled spherical container, 96 cm in diameter, which is further encl
Anvisha [2.4K]

Answer:

The answer is "26.55 V"

Explanation:

Given values:

d_i= 0.96m\\d_o= 1m\\\epsilon = 0.05\\T_0= 280k\\T_i= 95k\\

For Answer  (a) please find the attachment.

Answer (b):

q_{i-0}= \frac{\sigma (T_{0}^4)-(T_{i}^4)}{\frac{1-\epsilon i }{\epsilon_{i} A_{i}}+ \frac{1 }{\ f_{i o} A_{i}} +\frac{1-\epsilon_{0}}{\epsilon_{0} A_{0}}}

f_{i0}= 1 \ it \ is \ fully \ inside \ the \ large \ sphero \\

q_{i-0}= \frac{\sigma A_i (T_{0}^4)-(T_{i}^4)}{\frac{1 }{\epsilon_{i}} - 1+ 1 +\frac{1-\epsilon_{0}}{\epsilon_{0}} \times \frac{A_i}{A_0}}\\\\q_{i-0}= \frac{\sigma A_i (T_{0}^4)-(T_{i}^4)}{\frac{1 }{\epsilon_{i}}  +\frac{1-\epsilon_{0}}{\epsilon_{0}} \times (\frac{d_i}{d_0})^2}\\\\q_{i-0}= \frac{\sigma (\pi d^2_i) (T_{0}^4)-(T_{i}^4)}{\frac{1 }{\epsilon_{i}}  +\frac{1-\epsilon_{0}}{\epsilon_{0}} \times (\frac{r_i}{r_0})^2}\\\\

q_{i-0}= \frac{5.67 \times 10^{-8} \times 3.14 \times 9.62 \times 9.62 \times (280^4-94^4)}{\frac{1 }{0.05}  +\frac{1-0.05}{0.05} \times (\frac{0.96}{1})^2}\\\\\ After \ solve the \ equation \ the \ answer \ is:\\\\q_{i-0} = 26.55 \ V

4 0
3 years ago
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