Answer: Free-energy change of a reaction is a measure of the direction in which a net reaction occurs.
Explanation:
It is known that free energy change is represented by the symbol . Free-energy helps in determining the direction of a chemical reaction like if it is taking place in forward or backward reaction.
For a spontaneous reaction, the standard free-energy change is negative in nature and the reaction will proceed in forward direction.
Thus, we can conclude that free-energy change of a reaction is a measure of the direction in which a net reaction occurs.
Answer:
i) for NaOH (or KOH) = 13.75 mL
ii) for = 13.50 mL.
Explanation:
Phenolphthalein is an indicator which shows change in color when the conditions are highly basic.
Methyl orange is an indicator which shows change in color in presence of highly acidic medium.
For titration of NaOH and HCl we can use phenolphthalein but for sodium carbonate (a weak base) with HCl we use mehtyl orange.
Now in case of mixture of given strong base and weak base the reading or end point obtained from phenolphthalein, shows the neutralization of NaOH only and half neutralization of sodium carbonate.
While the reading or end point of methyl orange shows the neutralization of both the base present.
a) The volume of HCl used for phenolphthalein end point = 20.50 mL
Let us say the volume of HCl used for NaOH = V1
The volume of HCl used for half neutralization of sodium carbonate = V2
(1)
b) the volume of HCl used for methyl organe end point = 27.25
This volume of HCl used for both NaOH and Na₂CO₃
(2)
Equating equation 1 and 2
i) Thus the volume of Acid used for NaOH (Or KOH if present in place of NaOH) = 20.50-6.75= 13.75 mL
ii) the volume of acid used for sodium carbonate =
Answer:
Formula and structure: The chemical formula of calcium chloride is CaCl2, and its molar mass is 110.983 g/mol. It is an ionic compound consisting of the calcium cation (Ca2+) and two chlorine anions (Cl-). The bivalent calcium metal forms an ionic bond with two chlorine atoms, as shown below.
The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its <u>motion</u>
and mass.
Explanation:
Kinetic energy is the intrinsic energy in an object due to its motion. Kinetic energy is calculated by the formulae;
K.E = <em>0.5 </em>x <em>m</em> x <em>v²</em> whereby;
K.E = Kinetic Energy
M = mass
V = velocity
As shown by the equation, the higher the velocity of the object the higher the kinetic energy (K.E). In addition, the higher the mass of the object in motion the higher the Kinetic Energy.
Learn More:
For more on Kinetic Energy check out;
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Answer:
all of them have seven valence electron