Answer:
t = 2.13 10-10 s
, d = 6.39 cm
Explanation:
For this exercise we use the definition of refractive index
n = c / v
Where n is the refraction index, c the speed of light and v the speed in the material medium.
The refractive indices of ice and crown glass are 1.13 and 1.52, respectively, therefore the speed of the beam in the material medium is
v = c / n
As the beam strikes perpendicularly, the beam path is equal to the distance of the leaves, there is no refraction, so we can use the uniform motion relationships
v = d / t
t = d / v
t = d n / c
Let's look for the times on each sheet
Ice
t₁ = 1.4 10⁻² 1.31 / 3 10⁸
t₁ = 0.6113 10⁻¹⁰ s
Crown glass (BK7)
t₂ = 3.0 10⁻² 1.52 / 3.0 10⁸
t₂ = 1.52 10⁻¹⁰ s
Time is a scalar therefore it is additive
t = t₁ + t₂
t = (0.6113 + 1.52) 10⁻¹⁰
t = 2.13 10-10 s
The distance traveled by this time in a vacuum would be
d = c t
d = 3 10⁸ 2.13 10⁻¹⁰
d = 6.39 10⁻² m
d = 6.39 cm
Approximately 101 N air is in a column 1-cm2 in cross-section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere
The basic level for determining height and depth on Earth is the sea level. The ocean's surface tends to seek the same level since it is one continuous body of water. However, the sea level is never fully level due to winds, currents, river discharges, and changes in gravity and temperature.
At the equator, the radius of the Earth at sea level is 6378.137 km (3963.191 mi). At the poles, it is 6,356.752 km (3,949.903 km), and on average, it is 6,371.001 km (3,958.756 mi). The elevation of the shoreline—the boundary between the ocean and the land—is referred to as sea level. Land that is higher than this altitude is above sea level, and land that is lower is below sea level.
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