The atomic mass is always equal to the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. If you add the number of protons and neutrons (8 + 10) = 18 you will find that the atomic mass is 18.
If a star is moving towards Earth, shift towards the blue end of the spectrum, this is called blue shift. If the star is moving away from Earth the light from that star will be red and is called red shift .
The faster a star moves towards the earth, the more its light is shifted to higher frequencies. In contrast, if a star is moving away from the earth, its light is shifted to lower frequencies on the color spectrum
if a star is moving towards Earth, it appears to emit light that is shorter in wavelength compared to a source of light that isn't moving. Because shorter wavelengths correspond to a shift towards the blue end of the spectrum, this is called blue shift.
If the star is moving away from Earth, its light will lose energy to reach Earth, therefore the light from that star will be red and is called red shift
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Answer:
t = 141.55 years
Explanation:
As we know that the radius of the wire is
r = 2.00 cm
so crossectional area of the wire is given as
![A = \pi r^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=A%20%3D%20%5Cpi%20r%5E2)
![A = \pi(0.02)^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=A%20%3D%20%5Cpi%280.02%29%5E2)
![A = 1.26 \times 10^{-3} m^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=A%20%3D%201.26%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%20m%5E2)
now we know the free charge density of wire as
![n = 8.50 \times 10^{28}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n%20%3D%208.50%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B28%7D)
so drift speed of the charge in wire is given as
![v_d = \frac{i}{neA}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_d%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7Bi%7D%7BneA%7D)
![v_d = \frac{1190}{(8.50 \times 10^{28})(1.6 \times 10^{-19})(1.26\times 10^{-3})}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_d%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1190%7D%7B%288.50%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B28%7D%29%281.6%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%29%281.26%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%29%7D)
![v_d = 6.96 \times 10^{-5} m/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_d%20%3D%206.96%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%20m%2Fs)
now the time taken to cover whole length of wire is given as
![t = \frac{L}{v_d}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7BL%7D%7Bv_d%7D)
![t = \frac{310 \times 10^3}{6.96 \times 10^{-5}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B310%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E3%7D%7B6.96%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%7D)
![t = 4.46 \times 10^9 s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%20%3D%204.46%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E9%20s)
![t = 141.55 years](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%20%3D%20141.55%20years)
Answer:
The formula for induced EMF is ε = BLv
The B is the magnetic field of the earth. I will solve this problem with a value of 1 X 10-4 T for the accepted value of the earths magnetic field. However, with that said, your book may use a different value. If that is the case, this answer will be wrong, but the formula works. All you will need to to is find the value for the earth's magnetic field that your book wants you to use, and substitute for 1 X 10-4 T.
ε = BLv
ε = (1 X 10-4)(1.8 X 104)(7.8 X 103) = 14040 V
Again, if your book does not like this answer, use this equation
ε = (B)(1.8 X 104)(7.8 X 103) and just plug in a different value for B found in your text