When a wave is bent by traveling from one medium to another
2 answers:
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The atom must lose 2 electrons
Explanation:
An atom consists of three types of particles:
- Protons, in the nucleus, with positive electric charge
- Neutrons, in the nucleus, with no electric charge
- Electrons, orbiting around the nucleus, with negative electric charge
As a result, the net electric charge of an atom is given by the number of protons minus the number of electrons:
Q = #p - #e
For a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same, so the net charge is zero.
In order for an atom to have a positive charge of +2, it means that there must be 2 protons more than the number of electrons. Since atoms exchange electrons (and not protons), this means that the atom must have "lost" 2 electrons.
In this problem, we have an atom with 13 protons: this means that initially it also has 13 electrons. However, later the atom lost 2 electrons, and as a result, the final charge is +2e.
Learn more about atoms:
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4. The Coyote has an initial position vector of .
4a. The Coyote has an initial velocity vector of . His position at time
is given by the vector
where is the Coyote's acceleration vector at time
. He experiences acceleration only in the downward direction because of gravity, and in particular
where
. Splitting up the position vector into components, we have
with
The Coyote hits the ground when :
4b. Here we evaluate at the time found in (4a).
5. The shell has initial position vector , and we're told that after some time the bullet (now separated from the shell) has a position of
.
5a. The vertical component of the shell's position vector is
We find the shell hits the ground at
5b. The horizontal component of the bullet's position vector is
where is the muzzle velocity of the bullet. It traveled 3500 m in the time it took the shell to fall to the ground, so we can solve for
: