J.J. Thompson is the scientist who recieved credit for discovering them.
Answer:
(a) r = 1.062·R
= 
(b) r = 
(c) Zero
Explanation:
Here we have escape velocity v
given by
and the maximum height given by

Therefore, when the initial speed is 0.241v
we have
v =
so that;
v² =
v² = 
is then

Which gives
or
r = 1.062·R
(b) Here we have

Therefore we put
in the maximum height equation to get

From which we get
r = 1.32·R
(c) The we have the least initial mechanical energy, ME given by
ME = KE - PE
Where the KE = PE required to leave the earth we have
ME = KE - KE = 0
The least initial mechanical energy to leave the earth is zero.
I suppose that you wanted write "uncharged". The particles without electrical charge present in the nucleus are called neutrons.
The nebular theory describes the formation of the solar system and states that the system began as a gigantic cloud of gas and dust called a nebula which eventually condensed to form the sun, planets and other objects in the solar system. The first fact speaks to the formation of the planets, where gravity pulled larger clumps of material closer to form solid rocky planets closer to the sun and gas giants further out. The second requirement is that a nearby explosion or super nova would have to disturb our nebula to trigger rotation and the eventual formation of the sun. The third requirement/fact is that the planets go around the sun in the same direction. the last fact is that the planets go around the sun within 6 degrees of a common plane. This indicates that the solar system formed from a spinning disk of materials.
Answer:
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