Answer:
The oxidation state of Ba in cation Ba²⁺ is +2
The oxidation state of S in SO₂, is +4
The oxidation state of S in anion sulfate (SO₄⁻²) is +6
The oxidation state of Zn in the Zinc sulfate, is +2
Explanation:
We define oxidation state as the number which can be negative or positive that
indicates the number of electrons that the atom has accepted or transferred.
All the elements in ground state has 0 as oxidation state.
This numbers are very important for redox reaction which are balanced by the ion electron method.
When the elements gain electrons, the element is being reduced so the oxidation state decreases.
When the elements release electrons, the element is oxidized so the oxidation state increases.
We have to think, that global charge of a compound is 0, for example in the ZnSO₄.
The sulfate anion has a global charge of -2 because it has released 2 protons, it came from the sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). As the global charge is -2, oxygen acts with -2, and the anion has 4 atoms so the global charge of O is -8. Definetly S, has +6 as oxidation state.
In the SO₂, oxygen acts with -2 and there are 2 atoms in the compound, so the global charge is 0 and the global charge for O is -4. Therefore S must act with +4.
Ba²⁺ is an element of group 2 and has a tendency to form a cation, so it can release electrons for that purpose. At least, it can release 2 e⁻, that's why the oxidation state is +2. It can complete the octet rule and it will be isoelectronic with Xe.
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