Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Explanation:
Part a)
Electric flux entering into the base
so it is given as





Part b)
Now since we know that there is no enclosed charge in the hemisphere
so net flux must be zero



Answer;
-Gases
Explanation;
-Pressure can affect the density of gases.
-Density of gases changes with pressure and temperature because gases are compressible fluid and because they are compressible, when pressure increases molecules come closer to each other which means increase in density and when pressure drops molecules of gases become free to expand and get away from each other which density decrease.
Answer:
A. Conduction
Explanation:
Conduction is the transfer of heat within the material itself, and he's holding the metal bar over the fire.
Answer:
Anions have more electrons than protons and so have a net negative charge. Cations have more protons than electrons and so have a net positive charge. Zwitterions are neutral and have both positive and negative charges at different locations throughout the molecule.
Explanation: