Question

The voltage across the terminals of a 250nF capacitor is푣푣=�50푉푉, 푡푡≤0(푚푚1푒푒−4000푡푡+푚푚2푡푡푒푒−4000푡푡)푉푉, 푡푡 ≥0The initial current in the capacitor is 400 mA. Assume the passive sign convention.a. What is the initial energy stored in the capacitor?b. Evaluate the coefficients A1 and A2. c. What is the expression for the capacitor current?

Answer 1

The first part of the question is not complete and it is;

The voltage across the terminals of a 250 nF capacitor is 50 V, A1e^(-4000t) + (A2)te^(-4000t) V, t0, What is the initial energy stored in the capacitor? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. t

Answer:

A) initial energy = 0.3125 mJ

B) A1 = 50 and A2 = 1,800,000

C) Capacitor Current is given by the expression;

I = e^(-4000t)[0.95 - 1800t]

Explanation:

A) In capacitors, Energy stored is given as;

U = (1/2)Cv²

Where C is capacitance and v is voltage.

So initial kinetic energy;

U(0) = (1/2)C(vo)²

From the question, C = 250 nF and v = 50V

So, U(0) = (1/2)(250 x 10^(-9))(50²) = 0.3125 x 10^(-3)J = 0.3125 mJ

B) from the question, we know that;

A1e^(-4000t) + (A2)te^(-4000t)

So, v(0) = A1e^(0) + A2(0)e^(0)

v(0) = 50

Thus;

50 = A1

Now for A2; let's differentiate the equation A1e^(-4000t) + (A2)te^(-4000t) ;

And so;

dv/dt = -4000A1e^(-4000t) + A2[e^(-4000t) - 4000e^(-4000t)

Simplifying this, we obtain;

dv/dt = e^(-4000t)[-4000A1 + A2 - 4000A2]

Current (I) = C(dv/dt)

I = (250 x 10^(-9))e^(-4000t)[-4000A1 + A2 - 4000tA2]

Thus, Initial current (Io) is;

Io = (250 x 10^(-9))[e^(0)[-4000A1 + A2]]

We know that Io = 400mA from the question or 0.4 A

Thus;

0.4 = (250 x 10^(-9))[-4000A1 + A2]

0.4 = 0.001A1 - (250 x 10^(-9)A2)

Substituting the value of A1 = 50V;

0.4 = 0.001(50) - (250 x 10^(-9)A2)

0.4 = 0.05 - (250 x 10^(-9)A2)

Thus, making A2 the subject, we obtain;

(0.4 + 0.05)/(250 x 10^(-9))= A2

A2 = 1,800,000

C) We have derived that ;

I = (250 x 10^(-9))e^(-4000t)[-4000A1 + A2 - 4000tA2]

So putting values of A1 = 50 and A2 = 1,800,000 we obtain;

I = (250 x 10^(-9))e^(-4000t)[(-4000 x 50) + 1,800,000 - 4000(1,800,000)t]

I = e^(-4000t)[0.05 + 0.45 - 1800t]

I = e^(-4000t)[0.95 - 1800t]