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Sunny_sXe [5.5K]
3 years ago
14

Why do electrons enter the 4s orbital before entering the 3D orbital

Chemistry
1 answer:
garri49 [273]3 years ago
8 0

The 3d sublevel is not filled until after the 4s sublevel, because the 3d sublevel has more energy than the 4s sublevel, and less energy than the 4p sublevel. (:

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Why must protein digesting enzymes be stored in the inactive form
max2010maxim [7]

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To shield the organs and glands from the enzymes' digestion, protein digesting enzymes are released in an inactive state. If they are discharged in an active state, they begin digesting the glands that transport them as well as the release site.

Explanation:

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What do all substances in the universe have in common?
Dmitry [639]

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All are made of matter

Explanation:

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3 years ago
an electron in the 3rd shell of an Aluminium atom moves to the first shell in a bombardment process. Calculate the frequency of
Liula [17]

Following the quantic theory, the energy of a photon equals the radiation frequency multiplied by the universal constant. ν = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz. E = 3.09x10¹⁵Hz.

<h3>What is quantum mechanic?</h3>

It is the branch of physics that studies objects and forces at a very low scale, at atoms, subatoms, and particles levels.

Quantum mechanics states that the elemental particles that constitute matter -electrons, neutrons, protons- have the properties of a wave and a particle.

It emerges from the quantic theory exposed by Max Planck (1922), in which he affirmed that light propagates in energy packages or photons.

He discovered the Universal Planck constant, h, used to calculate the energy of a photon.

He stated that the energy of a photon (E) equals the radiation frequency (ν) multiplied by the universal constant (h).

E = νh

In the exposed example, we need to calculate the energy required to change from the 3rd shell to the first shell.

To do it, we should know that the energy in a level (Eₙ) equals the energy associated to an electron in the most inferior energy level (E₁) divided by the square of the shell number (n²).

Eₙ = E₁ / n²

E₁ is a constant. We can express it in <em>Joules </em>or <em>electroVolts </em>

  • E₁ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J
  • E₁ = -13.6 eV

So, let us calculate the energy at level 1 and 3

Eₙ = E₁ / n²

  • E₁ =  -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 1² =<u>  -2.18x10⁻¹⁸</u><u> J</u>

        E₁ =  -13.6 eV / 1² =<u>  -13.6 </u><u>eV</u>

  • E₃ =  -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 3² =  -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 9 =<u> - 2.42x10⁻¹⁹ </u><u>J</u>

        E₃ =  -13.6 eV / 3² =  -13.6 eV / 9 = <u>- 1.51 </u><u>eV</u>

The change of energy can be calculated in two ways,

<u>Option 1</u>

ΔE = E₁ - E₃ = 2.18x10⁻¹⁸ - 2.42x10⁻¹⁹ =<u> 1.93x10⁻¹⁸</u><u>J</u>

ΔE = E₁ - E₃ = 13.6 - 1.51 = <u>12.09 </u><u>eV</u>

<u>Option 2</u>

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE =-13.6 eV (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

Where nf is the final level and ni is the initial level. When the electron passes from its initial level to its final level it is called electronic transition.

  • ni = 3
  • nf = 1

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/1² - 1/3²)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1 - 0.111)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (0.888)

<u>ΔE</u><u> = - 1.937x10⁻¹⁸ </u><u>J</u>

or

ΔE = -13.6 eV  (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV  (1/1² - 1/3²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV  (1 - 0.111)

ΔE = -13.6 eV  (0.888)

<u>ΔE</u><u> = -12.08</u><u> eV</u>

This is the energy required for the electron to go from n= 3 to n = 1. The negative sign (-) means energy (as light or photons) released or emitted.

<u />

If we want to express the result in Hz, we just need to make a conversion.

1Hz ⇔ 6.626x10⁻³⁴J ⇔ 4.136x10¹⁵ eV.

The energy required for the electron to go from n= 3 to n = 1 is <u>3.09x10¹⁵ </u><u>Hz</u><u>.</u>

Now, we need to calculate the frequency, ν. This is, how many times the wave oscillates back and foward per second.

To do it, we will use the universal Planck constant, h, and the absolute value of the energy, E.

ν = E/h = 1.937x10⁻¹⁸ J / 6.626x10⁻³⁴ Js = 2.923x10¹⁵ 1/s =  <u>2.923x10¹⁵ Hz</u>.

<u>Answer</u>:

  • Frequency, ν = E/h = <u>2.923x10¹⁵ </u><u>Hz</u>.
  • Energy, E = <u>3.09x10¹⁵ </u><u>Hz</u><u>.</u>

You can learn more about quantum mechanic at

brainly.com/question/11855107

brainly.com/question/23780112

brainly.com/question/11852353

5 0
2 years ago
Please use the values in the resources listed below instead of the textbook values. Under certain conditions the decomposition o
Alex787 [66]

Answer:

The rate equation for this reaction:

R=k[NH_3]^0

Explanation:

Decomposition of ammonia:

2NH_3\rightarrow N_2+3H_2

Rate law of the can be written as;

R=k[NH_3]^x

1) Rate of the reaction , when [NH_3]=2.0\times 10^{-3} M

1.5\times 10^{-6} M/s=k[2.0\times 10^{-3} M]^x..[1]

2) Rate of the reaction , when [NH_3]=4.0\times 10^{-3} M

1.5\times 10^{-6} M/s=k[4.0\times 10^{-3} M]^x..[2]

[1] ÷ [2]

\frac{1.5\times 10^{-6}M/s}{1.5\times 10^{-6}M/s}=\frac{k[2.0\times 10^{-3}M]^x}{k[4.0\times 10^{-3}M]^x}

On solving for x , we get ;

x = 0

The rate equation for this reaction:

R=k[NH_3]^0

4 0
3 years ago
Which tool gives scientists information about the wind speed and humidity of a region?
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Answer:

Anemometer. An anemometer is a type of weather instrument that measures wind speed.

6 0
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