Sodium is in group 1 so it has 1 valence electron (one electron in its outer shell). Sodium will be looking to lose its one valence electron in order to become more stable. Chlorine is in group 17 so it has 7 valence electrons, and therefor only needs to gain one valence electron to attain noble gas electron configuration (become stable with 8 valence electrons, just like the noble gases in group 18 have 8). Because the chlorine atom is trying to gain one electron, and the sodium atom is trying to lose one, sodium will give up its one valence electron to chlorine and the two atoms will form an ionic bond. Because chlorine is looking to gain just one electron and sodium is looking to lose the same number, the ratio of chlorine atoms to sodium atoms will be 1:1, one chlorine atom per one sodium atom.
Answer:
The reaction (E) 2 H₂O₂ (l) → O₂ g) + 2 H₂O (l) has a single species that is both oxidized and reduced.
Explanation:
Given the reaction (E):
2 H₂O₂ (l) → O₂ g) + 2 H₂O (l)
In hydrogen peroxide, oxygen has an oxidation state of -1. We can see that the reaction is balanced.
The products of the reaction are:
O₂ (the oxidation state of the Oxygen is 0)
H₂O (the oxidation state of the Oxygen is -2)
Hence, 1 mol of Oxygen changes its oxidation state from -1 to 0 (oxidation) and 1 mol of Oxygen changes its oxidation state from -1 to -2 (reduction).
The reaction (E) has a single species that is both oxidized and reduced.
Answer:
0.1313 g.
Explanation:
- It is known that at STP, 1.0 mole of ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.
- Suppose that hydrogen behaves ideally and at STP conditions.
<u><em>Using cross multiplication:</em></u>
1.0 mol of hydrogen occupies → 22.4 L.
??? mol of hydrogen occupies → 1.47 L.
∴ The no. of moles of hydrogen that occupies 1.47 L = (1.0 mol)(1.47 L)/(22.4 L) = 6.563 x 10⁻² mol.
- Now, we can get the no. of grams of hydrogen in 6.563 x 10⁻² mol:
<em>The no. of grams of hydrogen = no. of hydrogen moles x molar mass of hydrogen</em> = (6.563 x 10⁻² mol)(2.0 g/mol) = <em>0.1313 g.</em>
Because water molecules are polar and carbon dioxide molecules are nonpolar,
D. water has a higher boiling point than carbon dioxide does
If a substance is more polar, the inter-molecular forces is stronger. Thus, requiring more energy to break them and bring the substance to its boiling point.
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