Ask question

Ask question

All categories

4 years ago

14

Light travels faster in warmer air. On a sunny day, the sun can heat a road and create a layer of hot air above it. Let's model

this layer as a uniform one with a sharp boundary separating it from the cooler air above. Use this model to explain the formation of a mirage appearing like the shiny surface of a pool of water.

1 answer:

AysviL [449]4 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Explanation:

If we assume there is a sharp boundary between the two masses of air, there will be a refraction. The refractive index of each medium will depend on the relative speeds of light.

n = c / v

If light travels faster in warmer air, it will have a lower refractive index

nh < nc

Snell's law of refraction relates angles of incidence and refracted with the indexes of refraction:

n1 * sin(θ1) = n2 * sin(θ2)

sin(θ2) = sin(θ1) * n1/n2

If blue light from the sky passing through the hot air will cross to the cold air, then

n1 = nh

n2 = nc

Then:

n1 < n2

So:

n1/n2 < 1

The refracted light will come into the cold air at angle θ2 wich will be smaller than θ1, so the light is bent upwards, creating the appearance of water in the distance, which is actually a mirror image of the sky.

You might be interested in

Air pollutants often cause irritation in the _____ <br> system.

erastova [34]

Respiratory system.

Oversimplified Explanation: they enter the lungs, which is part of the respiratory system.

7 0

3 years ago

What does vf stand for<br> a.fringe velocity<br> b.first velocity<br> c.final velocity

Elza [17]

The correct answer is C. Final Velocity

Hope this helped!

5 0

3 years ago

4.1 A steel spur pinion has a pitch of 5 teeth/in, 20 full-depth teeth, and a 20° pressure angle. The pinion runs at a speed of

Vesnalui [34]

Answer:

15.07 ksi

Explanation:

Given that:

Pitch (P) = 5 teeth/in

Pressure angle ( $\Phi$ ) = 20°

Pinion speed ( $n_p$ ) = 2000 rev/min

Power (H) = 30 hp

Teeth on gear ( $N_G$ ) = 50

Teeth on pinion ( $N_p$ ) = 20

Face width (F) = 1 in

Let us first determine the diameter (d) of the pinion.

Diameter (d) = $\frac{N}{P}$

= $\frac{20}{5}$

= 4 in

From the values of Lewis Form Factor Y for ( $n_p$ ) = 20 ; at 20°

Y = 0.321

To find the velocity (V); we use the formula:

$V = \frac{\pi d n_p}{12}$

$V = \frac{\pi *4*2000}{12}$

V = 2094.40 ft/min

For cut or milled profile; the velocity factor $(K_v)$ can be determined as follows:

$K_v = \frac{2000+V}{2000}$

$K_v = \frac{2000+2094.40}{2000}$

= 2.0472

However, there is need to get the value of the tangential load $(W^t)$ , in order to achieve that, we have the following expression

$W^t=\frac{T}{\frac{d}{2} }$

$W^t = \frac{63025*H}{\frac{n_pd}{2}}$

$W^t = \frac{63025*30}{2000*\frac{4}{2}}$

$W^t = 472.69 lbf$

Finally, the bending stress is calculated via the formula:

$\sigma = \frac{K_vW^tp}{FY}$

$\sigma = \frac{2.0472*472.69*5}{1*0.321}$

$\sigma = 15073.07 psi$

$\sigma =$ 15.07 ksi

∴ The estimate of the bending stress = 15.07 ksi

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Which of the following terms is correct when talking about energy?

vlabodo [156]

Answer:

C. Converting Energy

Explanation:

Hope this helped, Have a Wonderful Day!!

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

1. An express train, traveling at 36 m/s, is accidentally sidetracked onto a local train track. The express engineer spots a loc

Colt1911 [192]

Answer:

(i) 12 seconds

(ii) 216 meters from the initial position

(iii) 132 meters from the initial position

(iv) No

Explanation:

Speed of express train =36 m/s

Speed of local train =11 m/s

The initial distance between the local train and passenger train =100 m.

Due to the application of breaks, the express train slows at the rare of $3.0 m/s^2.$

So, the acceleration of the express train, $a=-3 m/s^2$ .

(i) Let t be the time the express train takes to stop.

From the equation of motion,

v=u+at

where, v: final velocity, u: initial velocity, a: constant acceleration, t: time taken to change the speed from u to v.

In this case, v=0, u=36 m/s, $a=-3 m/s^2$

So, 0=36+(-3)t

$\Rightarrow t= 36/3=12$ seconds.

(ii) To compute the distance traveled, s, till the express train stops, using

$v^2=u^2+2as$

$\Rightarrow 0^2=36^2+2(-3)s$

$\Rightarrow s=\frac{36\times36}{6}$

$\Rightarrow s=216$ meters.

(iii) The local train is moving at a speed of 11 m/s

So, in 12 seconds, the distance, d, traveled by the local train

d= 11x12=132 meters [as distance= speed x time]

(iv) Let 0 be the reference position which is the initial position of the express train.

So, at the initial time, the position of the local train is at 100m.

After 12 seconds:

The position of the express train is at 216 m [using part (ii)]

and the position of the local train is at 100+132=232m [using part (iii)].

So, the local train is still ahead of the express train, hence the trains didn't collide.

6 0

3 years ago