Answer:
The same
Explanation:
In a saturated solution, the rate of dissolution is equal and the same to the rate of crystallization.
- A saturated solution of as substance (solute) at a particular temperature is one which contains the maximum amount of the substance that can dissolve at that temperature in the presence of the crystals of the substance.
- It is an equilibrium system in which a solid substance is in equilibrium with its own ions in solution.
- Therefore the rate of dissolution will the same with that of crystallization.
The study of chemistry helps us understand the nature of the world around us. Chemistry is always developing to keep up with any phenomenon that appears in nature.
Therefore, scientists and chemists are always developing new technologies. However, chemists must very careful when developing these new technologies. They should consider any bad chemical reactions that might occur and also chemicals that harmful to either the individuals or the environment.
Answer:
1
Explanation:
For non metals to attain a noble gas configuration, they gain the number of electrons needed to attain the noble gas configuration of the noble gas at the end of their periods. This means that these non metals would only take up the configuration of the last element on their periods which of course is always a noble gas.
The last element on the hydrogen period or more conservatively the only other element on the hydrogen period is helium, with an atomic number of 2. The atomic number is the number of protons in he nucleus of an atom. For an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons equal the number of protons.
Hence we can deduce that helium has 2 electrons while hydrogen has one electron. Thus for it to attain the configuration of helium, it just needs to gain one more electron
We write DE = q+w, where DE is the internal energy change and q and w are heat and work, respectively.
(b)Under what conditions will the quantities q and w be negative numbers?
q is negative when heat flows from the system to the surroundings, and w is negative when the system does work on the surroundings.
As an aside: In applying the first law, do we need to measure the internal energy of a system? Explain.
The absolute internal energy of a system cannot be measured, at least in any practical sense. The internal energy encompasses the kinetic energy of all moving particles in the system, including subatomic particles, as well as the electrostatic potential energies between all these particles. We can measure the change in internal energy (DE) as the result of a chemical or physical change, but we cannot determine the absolute internal energy of either the initial or the final state. The first law allows us to calculate the change in internal energy during a transformation by calculating the heat and work exchanged between the system and its surroundings.
