Answer:
Explanation:
The detailed steps and appropriate calculation with analysis is as shown in the attachment.
Answer:
3.115×
meter
Explanation:
hall-petch constant for copper is given by
=25 MPa
k=0.12 for copper
now according to hall-petch equation
=
+
240=25+
D=3.115×
meter
so the grain diameter using the hall-petch equation=3.115×
meter
Answer:
1. 
2. 
Explanation:
1.
Given:
- height of the window pane,

- width of the window pane,

- thickness of the pane,

- thermal conductivity of the glass pane,

- temperature of the inner surface,

- temperature of the outer surface,

<u>According to the Fourier's law the rate of heat transfer is given as:</u>

here:
A = area through which the heat transfer occurs = 
dT = temperature difference across the thickness of the surface = 
dx = t = thickness normal to the surface = 


2.
- air spacing between two glass panes,

- area of each glass pane,

- thermal conductivity of air,

- temperature difference between the surfaces,

<u>Assuming layered transfer of heat through the air and the air between the glasses is always still:</u>



The reactor, generator, and the cooling towers