When looking down the groups the elements have an equal number of electrons in the outer shell. This means they react in a similar way making it easier for scientists to use.
Answer:
- <u>Cadmium has larger atomic radius than sulfur.</u>
Explanation:
Down a period, atomic radii decrease from left to right due to the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period: when a proton is added the pull of the electrons towards the nucleus is larger, so the size of the atom decreases.
Hence, you can compare the elements that belong to a same period and predict that the atom with lower atomic number (number of protons) will haver larger atomic radius. With that:
- Oxygen and fluorine are in the period 3, being oxygen to the left of fluorine, so oxygen is larger than fluorine.
- Sulfur and chlorine are in the period 4, being sulfur to the left of chlorine, so sulfur is larger than chlorine.
Now see whan happens down a group. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group due to electron shielding. That permits you to compare the size of the elements in a group:
- Fluorine and chlorine are in the same group (17), with chlorine directly below fluorine, so the atomic radius of chlorine is larger than the atomic radius of fluorine.
- Sulfur and oxygen are in the same group (16), with sulfur directlly below oxygen, so sulfur the atomic radius of sulfur is larger than the atocmi radius of oxygen.
So far, you can rank the atomic radius of sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen, in increasing order as:
- O < F < Cl < S, concluding that O, F, and Cl have smaller atomic radius than S.
Cadmiun, Cd, is to the left and below sulfur, so both electron shielding (down a group) and increase of the number of protons (down a period) lead to predict the cadmium has a larger atomic radius than sulfur.
Answer:
4.4×10² cm³
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Diameter (d) = 68.3 mm
Height (h) = 0.120 m
Volume (V) =?
Next, we shall convert the diameter (i.e 68.3 mm) to cm.
This can be obtained as follow:
10 mm = 1 cm
Therefore
68.3 mm = 68.3 mm / 10 mm × 1 cm
68.3 mm = 6.83 cm
Therefore, the diameter 68.3 mm is equivalent 6.83 cm.
Next, we shall convert the height (i.e 0.120 m) to cm. This can be obtained as follow:
1 m = 100 cm
Therefore,
0.120 m = 0.120 m/ 1 m × 100 cm
0.120 m = 12 cm
Therefore, the height 0.120 m is equivalent 12 cm.
Next, we shall determine the radius of the cylinder. This can be obtained as follow:
Radius (r) is simply half of a diameter i.e
Radius (r) = Diameter (d) /2
r = d/2
Diameter (d) = 6.83 cm
Radius (r) =?
r = d/2
r = 6.83/2
r = 3.415 cm
Finally, we shall determine the volume of the cylinder as follow:
Radius (r) = 3.415 cm
Height (h) = 12 cm
Volume (V) =?
Pi (π) = 3.14
V = πr²h
V = 3.14 × (3.415) ² × 12
V = 440 cm³
V = 4.4×10² cm³
Therefore, the volume of the cylinder is 4.4×10² cm³
The chemical change that involves breaking down substances using electricity is C. Electrolysis.
