Answer:
The maximum electrical force is
.
Explanation:
Given that,
Speed of cyclotron = 1200 km/s
Initially the two protons are having kinetic energy given by
![\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dmv%5E2%3D%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dmv%5E2)
When they come to the closest distance the total kinetic energy is converts into potential energy given by
Using conservation of energy
![mv^2=\dfrac{kq^2}{r}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=mv%5E2%3D%5Cdfrac%7Bkq%5E2%7D%7Br%7D)
![r=\dfrac{kq^2}{mv^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=r%3D%5Cdfrac%7Bkq%5E2%7D%7Bmv%5E2%7D)
Put the value into the formula
![r=\dfrac{8.99\times10^{9}\times(1.6\times10^{-19})^2}{1.67\times10^{-27}\times(1200\times10^{3})^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=r%3D%5Cdfrac%7B8.99%5Ctimes10%5E%7B9%7D%5Ctimes%281.6%5Ctimes10%5E%7B-19%7D%29%5E2%7D%7B1.67%5Ctimes10%5E%7B-27%7D%5Ctimes%281200%5Ctimes10%5E%7B3%7D%29%5E2%7D)
![r=9.57\times10^{-14}\ m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=r%3D9.57%5Ctimes10%5E%7B-14%7D%5C%20m)
We need to calculate the maximum electrical force
Using formula of force
![F=\dfrac{kq^2}{r^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F%3D%5Cdfrac%7Bkq%5E2%7D%7Br%5E2%7D)
![F=\dfrac{8.99\times10^{9}\times(1.6\times10^{-19})^2}{(9.57\times10^{-14})^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F%3D%5Cdfrac%7B8.99%5Ctimes10%5E%7B9%7D%5Ctimes%281.6%5Ctimes10%5E%7B-19%7D%29%5E2%7D%7B%289.57%5Ctimes10%5E%7B-14%7D%29%5E2%7D)
![F=2.512\times10^{-2}\ N](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=F%3D2.512%5Ctimes10%5E%7B-2%7D%5C%20N)
Hence, The maximum electrical force is
.
This is a classic example of conservation of energy. Assuming that there are no losses due to friction with air we'll proceed by saying that the total energy mus be conserved.
![E_m=E_k+E_p](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_m%3DE_k%2BE_p)
Now having information on the speed at the lowest point we can say that the energy of the system at this point is purely kinetic:
![E_m=Ek=\frac{1}{2}mv^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_m%3DEk%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dmv%5E2)
Where m is the mass of the pendulum. Because of conservation of energy, the total energy at maximum height won't change, but at this point the energy will be purely potential energy instead.
![E_m=E_p](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_m%3DE_p)
This is the part where we exploit the Energy's conservation, I'm really insisting on this fact right here but it's very very important, The totam energy Em was
![E_M=\frac{1}{2}mv^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_M%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dmv%5E2)
It hasn't changed! So inserting this into the equation relating the total energy at the highest point we'll have:
![E_p=mgh=E_m=\frac{1}{2}mv^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_p%3Dmgh%3DE_m%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Dmv%5E2)
Solving for h gives us:
![h=\frac{v^2}{2g}.](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=h%3D%5Cfrac%7Bv%5E2%7D%7B2g%7D.%20)
It doesn't depend on mass!
It behaves more like a metal
Explanation:
When an element tends to lose its valence electrons in chemical reactions, they behave more like a metal.
Metals are electropositive.
Electropositivity or metallicity is the a measure of the tendency of atoms of an element to lose electrons.
This is closely related to ionization energy and the electronegativity of the element.
- The lower the ionization energy of an element, the more electropositive or metallic the element is .
Metals are usually large size and prefers to be in reactions where they can easily lose their valence electrons.
When most metals lose their valence electrons, they attain stability.
Non-metals are electronegative. They prefer to gain electrons.
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