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3 years ago

explain each of the following kinds of rockets: Solid-Fuel Rocket, Liquid-Fuel Rocket, Ion Rocket and Plasma Rocket.

Engineering

1 answer:

Rudik [331]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

ur answer friend

Explanation:

answer

Solid-Fuel Rocket - a solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants. The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used in warfare by the Chinese, Indians, Mongols and Persians, as early as 13th century.

Liquid-Fuel Rocket - a liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket utilizes a rocket engine that use liqiud propellants. An inert gas stored in a tank at a high pressure is sometimes used instead of pumps in simpler small engines to force the propellants into the combustion chamber.

Ion Rocket - an ion thruster or ion drive is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. It creates thrust by accelerating ions using electricity. The Deep Space 1 spacecraft, powered by an ion thruster, changed velocity by 4.3 km/s ( 9600 mph ) while consuming less than 74 kg ( 163 lb ) of xenon.

Plasma Rocket - in this type of rocket, a combination of electric and magnetic fields are used to break down the atoms and molecules of a propellant gas into a collection of particles that have either a positive charge (ions) or a negative charge (electrons). In other words, the propellant gas becomes a plasma.

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An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere wherein t

weeeeeb [17]

Answer:

the temperature T at which the treatment is carried is out is 1274.24 K

Explanation:

Fick's second Law posits that the rate of change of concentration of diffusing species is directly proportional to the second derivative of the concentration.

Using the expression of the Fick's second Law:

$\mathbf{\frac{C_x-C_o}{C_s-C_o} = 1- erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{Dt} })}$

where;

$C_o$ = initial concentration

$C_x$ = the depth of the concentration

$C_s$ = surface concentration

$erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{Dt} })}$ = Gaussian error function.

Let variable z be used for the expression of the Gaussian error function. $erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{Dt} })}$

Then, from the above equation: replacing $C_x$ with 0.35 ; $C_o$ with 0.2 and $C_s$ with 1.0; we have:

$\mathbf{\frac{0.35-0.2}{1.0-0.2} = 1- erf( z)}$

erf (z) = 0.8125

we obtain the error function value close to 0.8125 from the error function table and we did the interpolation to obtain the exact value of variable corresponding to 0.8125.

The table below shows the tabular form of the error function value close to 0.8125 .

Value for z Value for erf (z)

0.9 0.797

z 0.8125

0.950 0.8209

From above; we can find the value of variable corresponding to the error function 0.8125 .

i.e

$\frac{z-0.9}{0.95-0.9} =\frac{0.8125-0.797}{0.8209-0.797}$

z = 0.932

However, the temperature dependence relation for the diffusion coefficient D can be expressed as:

$z = \frac{x}{\sqrt{Dt} }$

where;

z = 0.932

x = 3.5 mm = 0.0035 m

t = 50 h = 180000 sec

$0.932 = \frac{0.35}{2\sqrt{D*180000} }$

D = $1.958*10^{-11} m^2/s$

Finally, the temperature T at which the treatment is carried is out is calculated as:

$\mathbf{D=D_o \ exp \ (-\frac{Q_d}{RT}) }$

From the table ‘Diffusion data’, we obtain the values of temperature-independent pre exponential and activation energy for diffusion of carbon in FCC Fe.

$D_o = 2.3*10^{-5} \ m^2/s$

$Q_d = 148, 000 \ J/mol$

Replacing all values needed for the above equation; we have:

$1.958*10^{-11}= (2.3*10^{-5})exp(\frac{-148,000}{(8.31)T})$

$8.51*10^{-7}=exp(\frac{-17,810}{T})$

$In(8.51*10^{-7})=(\frac{-17,810}{T})$

-13.977 = -17,810/T

T = -17,810/ - 13.977

T = 1274.24 K

Hence, the temperature T at which the treatment is carried is out is 1274.24 K

5 0

3 years ago

Unless a structural element is intended to be battered, sloped, or cambered (or some other non-conforming position), wood, steel

SSSSS [86.1K]

Answer:

stability; resistance; rigidity.

Explanation:

Okay, let us fill in the gap in the question above. Please note that the capitalized words are the missing words to fill in the gap.

"Unless a structural element is intended to be battered, sloped, or cambered (or some other non-conforming position), wood, steel, and concrete should always be installed and maintained STABILITY , RESISTANCE , and RIGIDITY. These conditions are critical in order to ensure maximum stability, structural performance and user satisfaction."

This question has to deal with buildings or say structural (civil) engineering. The definition to the missing words are given below:

STABILITY: Stability occurs when we have the center of gravity coinciding with the base of the structure.

RESISTANCE : Resistance simply means the 'tension' that is is how much the structure can resist an applied force.

RIGIDITY : RIGIDITY can also be associated with resistance and it is the property of a structure to resist bending.

5 0

3 years ago

Where the velocity is highest in the radial direction? Why?

posledela

Answer:

In the center and directed away from it.

Explanation:

The direction along the radius and directed away from the center is known as radial direction.

The velocity is highest in the radial direction pointing away from the center, this is because of the reason that when the particle executes its motion in the direction that is radial, then it is not acted upon by any force that opposes the motion of the particle and thus there is no obstruction to the velocity of the particle and it is therefore, the highest in the radial direction.

8 0

3 years ago

Five kg of water is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly, initially at 5 bar and 240°C. The water is slowly heated at constan

Digiron [165]

Answer:

The final temperature of water is 381.39 °C.

Explanation:

Given that

Mass of water = 5 kg

Heat transfer at constant pressure Q = 2960 KJ

Initial temperature = 240 °C

We know that heat transfer at constant pressure given as follows

$Q=mC_p\Delta T$

We know that for water

$C_p=4.187\ \frac{KJ}{kg.K}$

Lets take final temperature of water is T

$Q=mC_p\Delta T$

$2960=5\times 4.187(T-240)$

T=381.39 °C

So the final temperature of water is 381.39 °C.

7 0

3 years ago

A satellite would have a mass of 270 kg on the surface of Mars. Determine the weight of the satellite in pounds if it is in orbi

koban [17]

Answer:

26 lbf

Explanation:

The mass of the satellite is the same regardless of where it is.

The weight however, depends on the acceleration of gravity.

The universal gravitation equation:

g = G * M / d^2

Where

G: universal gravitation constant (6.67*10^-11 m^3/(kg*s))

M: mass of the body causing the gravitational field (mass of Earth = 6*10^24 kg)

d: distance to that body

15000 miles = 24140 km

The distance is to the center of Earth.

Earth radius = 6371 km

Then:

d = 24140 + 6371 = 30511 km

g = 6.67*10^-11 * 6*10^24 / 30511000^2 = 0.43 m/s^2

Then we calculate the weight:

w = m * a

w = 270 * 0.43 = 116 N

116 N is 26 lbf

8 0

3 years ago