I think the answer is 2283g
In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to apply the concepts related to the conservation of momentum, especially when there is an impact or the throwing of an object.
The equation that defines the linear moment is given by

where,
m=Total mass
Mass of Object
Velocity before throwing
Final Velocity
Velocity of Object
Our values are:

Solving to find the final speed, after throwing the object we have

We have three objects. For each object a launch is made so the final mass (denominator) will begin to be subtracted successively. In addition, during each new launch the initial speed will be given for each object thrown again.
That way during each section the equations should be modified depending on the previous one, let's start:
A) 



B) 



C) 



Therefore the final velocity of astronaut is 3.63m/s
The specific heat of the unknown substance with a mass of 0.158kg is 0.5478 J/g°C
HOW TO CALCULATE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY:
The specific heat capacity of a substance can be calculated using the following formula:
Q = m × c × ∆T
Where;
- Q = quantity of heat absorbed (J)
- c = specific heat capacity (4.18 J/g°C)
- m = mass of substance
- ∆T = change in temperature (°C)
According to this question, 2,510.0 J of heat is required to heat the 0.158kg substance from 32.0°C to 61.0°C. The specific heat capacity can be calculated:
2510 = 158 × c × (61°C - 32°C)
2510 = 4582c
c = 2510 ÷ 4582
c = 0.5478 J/g°C
Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the unknown substance that has a mass of 0.158 kg is 0.5478 J/g°C.
Learn more about specific heat capacity at: brainly.com/question/2530523
Answer:
Explanation:bjbhfcvvjkkknbnnnm