<span>Ca^(2+). Calcium is an alkaline earth metal with an atomic number of 20. Its electronic configuration is (2, 8, 8, 2). From the electronic configuration it would be observed that calcium has two valence electrons. Calcium shares these two electrons with non metals like sulphur in an ionic bond to obtain an outer shell which is full octet. Let me use Sulphur. When calcium gives out its two valence electrons its electronic configuration becomes (2, 8, 8) thereby obtaining a stable out shell and the calcium ion becomes Ca^(2+). The sulphur also obtains a stable octet because it has 6 valence electron initially.</span>
Answer:
The *intramolecular* bonding between the Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms are called Covalent Bonds.
Covalent bonds are strong electrostatic attractions between 2 positively charged nuclei and a shared pair of electrons.
The *intermolecular bonding* of water molecules is called hydrogen bonding as well as instantaneous - induced dipole interaction.
Instantaneous-induced dipoles is where 2 water molecules interact. The results in negative electron clouds repelling each other resulting in a region of positive charge - the molecules are said to have an induced positive charge.
This water molecule with an induced positive charge then attracts electrons from a neighbouring water molecules - resulting in an instantaneous negative dipole.
These dipoles are fleeting/temporary and are the weakest intermolecular bonds.
Hydrogen bonding is a result of the 2 line pair of electrons in Oxygen atom of the water moelcule. These electrons are attracted to extremely electronegative (electronegativity :ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons) elements such as Oxygen from a neighbouring water molecule resulting in what is known as hydrogen bonding,
Answer:
Their identity changes in both Reaction A and Reaction B.
Answer:
Mercury, Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, and the sun
Explanation:
this is from smallest to largest. hope it helps
The empirical formula of the alcohol is C₄H₄O
To solve the question given above, we'll begin by calculating the percentage of oxygen in the compound. This can be obtained as follow:
Carbon (C) = 70.57 %
Hydrogen (H) = 5.935 %
<h3>Oxygen (O) =? </h3>
O = 100 – (C + H)
O = 100 – (70.57 + 5.935)
O = 100 – 76.505
<h3>O = 23.495%</h3>
Finally, we shall determine the empirical formula of the compound. This can be obtained as follow:
Carbon (C) = 70.57 %
Hydrogen (H) = 5.935 %
Oxygen (O) = 23.495%
<h3>Empirical formula =?</h3>
Divide by their molar mass
C = 70.57 / 12 = 5.881
H = 5.935 /1 = 5.935
O = 23.495 / 16 = 1.468
Divide by the smallest
C = 5.881 / 1.468 = 4
H = 5.935 / 1.468 = 4
O = 1.468 / 1.468 = 1
Therefore, the empirical formula of the alcohol is C₄H₄O
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