Answer:
The charge resides on the outer surface =
C
Explanation:
Surface area of cell 
Separation between two plate
Dielectric constant 
Potential difference 
The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor in free space is given by,

Where
permittivity of free space = 
The Capacitance of capacitor is increase by
times when it placed in dielectric medium.

And we know that, 
So charge on the outer surface is given by,



Kinetic energy is never negative, but potential energy can be.
Potential energy depends on height above some reference level,
and you can pick any level you want as the reference. So, if the
object is below the reference level you pick, then its potential
energy relative to your reference level is negative.
What that means is: You have to lift it / do work on it / give it more
energy than it has now ... in order to move it to the reference level.
(That's exactly the situation with electrons bound to an atom. Their
energy is considered negative, because we have to do work and
give them more energy to rip them away from the atom.)
_____________________________________
Regarding the other choices:
-- Kinetic energy is scalar ... Yes. So is potential energy.
-- Kinetic energy increases with height ...
No. It doesn't, but potential energy does.
-- Kinetic energy depends on position ...
No. It doesn't, but potential energy does.
Answer:
A. 231.77 J
B. 5330.71 J
C. 46 donuts
Explanation:
A. To lift the barbell once, she will have to extend it the full length of her arm. The work done will then be:
W = F * d
Where the force is the weight of the barbell.
F = m * g
Hence, the work done in lifting the barbell is:
W = m * g * d
W = 43 * 9.8 * 0.55
W = 231.77 J
B. If she does 23 repetitions, the total energy she expend will be equal to the Potential energy when the barbell is lifted multiplied by 23:
E = 23 * m * g * d
E = 23 * 231.77
E = 5330.71 J
C. 1 Joule = 4.184 calories
5330.71 Joules = 5330.71 * 4.184 = 22303.69
If 1 donut contains 490 calories, the number of donuts she will need will be:
N = 22303.69/490 = 45.5 donuts or 46 donuts