Distributions of electric charges in a cell play a role in moving ions into and out of a cell. In this situation, the motion of
the ion is affected by two forces: the electric force due to the non-uniform charge distribution in the cell membrane, and the resistive force (viscosity) due to colliding with the fluid molecules. In order to begin our analysis of this, let's consider a toy model in which the ion is moving in response to electric forces alone. Charges in a cell membrane are distributed along the opposite sides of the membrane approximately uniformly. This leads to an (on the average) constant electric field inside the membrane. A simple model that gives this kind of field is two large parallel plates close together. The field between the plates is approximately constant pointing from the negative to the parallel plate. This results in a charge feeling a constant force anywhere between the plates (sort of like flat-earth gravity turned sideways). Outside of the plates the electric fields from the two plates cancel and there is no force.
2. The electric field between the plates (inside the membrane) is about 107 N/C and the thickness of the membrane is about 7 nm. Estimate:
2.1 The electric force on the ion when it is in the center of the channel.
F = N
Explain your reasoning.
2.2 The acceleration of the ion when it is in the center of the channel.
a = nm/s2
Explain your reasoning.
2.3 The magnitude of the change in the ion's potential energy as it crosses from one side of the plates to the other.
U = J
Explain your reasoning.
2.4 The kinetic energy the ion would gain as it crosses from one side of the plates to the other.
KE = J
Explain your reasoning.
An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that constitutes a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers.Explanation:
When the spring is wound, then it gathers potential energy in the form of tension energy. As it slowly unwinds, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy of the hands' movements of the clock. This energy is channeled through the use of cogs/gears in the clock.
