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fgiga [73]
3 years ago
13

Distributions of electric charges in a cell play a role in moving ions into and out of a cell. In this situation, the motion of

the ion is affected by two forces: the electric force due to the non-uniform charge distribution in the cell membrane, and the resistive force (viscosity) due to colliding with the fluid molecules. In order to begin our analysis of this, let's consider a toy model in which the ion is moving in response to electric forces alone.
Charges in a cell membrane are distributed along the opposite sides of the membrane approximately uniformly. This leads to an (on the average) constant electric field inside the membrane. A simple model that gives this kind of field is two large parallel plates close together. The field between the plates is approximately constant pointing from the negative to the parallel plate. This results in a charge feeling a constant force anywhere between the plates (sort of like flat-earth gravity turned sideways). Outside of the plates the electric fields from the two plates cancel and there is no force.

2. The electric field between the plates (inside the membrane) is about 107 N/C and the thickness of the membrane is about 7 nm. Estimate:

2.1 The electric force on the ion when it is in the center of the channel.
F = N

Explain your reasoning.



2.2 The acceleration of the ion when it is in the center of the channel.
a = nm/s2
Explain your reasoning.



2.3 The magnitude of the change in the ion's potential energy as it crosses from one side of the plates to the other.
U = J
Explain your reasoning.



2.4 The kinetic energy the ion would gain as it crosses from one side of the plates to the other.
KE = J
Explain your reasoning.

Could you explain 2.3!
Physics
1 answer:
Y_Kistochka [10]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that constitutes a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers.Explanation:

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In a parallel circuit, if one connection is broken
nirvana33 [79]
C hope that helps hens
7 0
3 years ago
A devout halloweener not only dressed as an astronaut, but travelled to the moon for the full experience. The astronaut jumps on
nikdorinn [45]

Answer:

2.78 m

Explanation:

At the peak, the velocity is 0.

Given:

a = -1.6 m/s²

v₀ = 2.98 m/s

v = 0 m/s

x₀ = 0 m

Find:

x

v² = v₀² + 2a(x - x₀)

(0 m/s)² = (2.98 m/s)² + 2(-1.6 m/s²) (x - 0 m)

x = 2.775 m

Rounded to 3 sig-figs, the astronaut halloweener reaches a maximum height of 2.78 meters.

5 0
3 years ago
There are four charges, each with a magnitude of 4.25 C. Two are positive and two are negative. The charges are fixed to the cor
VMariaS [17]

Answer:

 F = 7.68 10¹¹ N,  θ = 45º

Explanation:

In this exercise we ask for the net electric force. Let's start by writing the configuration of the charges, the charges of the same sign must be on the diagonal of the cube so that the net force is directed towards the interior of the cube, see in the attached numbering and sign of the charges

The net force is

          F_ {net} = F₂₁ + F₂₃ + F₂₄

bold letters indicate vectors. The easiest method to solve this exercise is by using the components of each force.

let's use trigonometry

          cos 45 = F₂₄ₓ / F₂₄

          sin 45 = F_{24y) / F₂₄

          F₂₄ₓ = F₂₄ cos 45

          F_{24y} = F₂₄ sin 45

let's do the sum on each axis

X axis

          Fₓ = -F₂₁ + F₂₄ₓ

          Fₓ = -F₂₁₁ + F₂₄ cos 45

Y axis  

         F_y = - F₂₃ + F_{24y}

         F_y = -F₂₃ + F₂₄ sin 45

They indicate that the magnitude of all charges is the same, therefore

         F₂₁ = F₂₃

Let's use Coulomb's law

         F₂₁ = k q₁ q₂ / r₁₂²

       

the distance between the two charges is

         r = a

         F₂₁ = k q² / a²

we calculate F₂₄

           F₂₄ = k q₂ q₄ / r₂₄²

the distance is

           r² = a² + a²

           r² = 2 a²

         

we substitute

           F₂₄ = k  q² / 2 a²

we substitute in the components of the forces

          Fx = - k \frac{q^2}{a^2} +  k \frac{q^2}{2 a^2}  \ cos 45

          Fx = k \frac{q^2}{a^2}  ( -1 + ½ cos 45)

          F_y = k \frac{q^2}{a^2} ( -1 +  ½ sin 45)    

         

We calculate

            F₀ = 9 10⁹ 4.25² / 0.440²

            F₀ = 8.40 10¹¹ N

       

            Fₓ = 8.40 10¹¹ (½ 0.707 - 1)

            Fₓ = -5.43 10¹¹ N

         

remember cos 45 = sin 45

             F_y = - 5.43 10¹¹  N

We can give the resultant force in two ways

a) F = Fₓ î + F_y ^j

          F = -5.43 10¹¹ (i + j)   N

b) In the form of module and angle.

For the module we use the Pythagorean theorem

          F = \sqrt{F_x^2 + F_y^2}

          F = 5.43 10¹¹  √2

          F = 7.68 10¹¹ N

in angle is

           θ = 45º

7 0
2 years ago
In the photoelectric effect, the greater the frequency of the illuminating light, the greater the:_______
TEA [102]

Answer:

B. Maximum velocity of ejected electrons.

Explanation:

The ejection of electrons form a metal surface when the metal surface is exposed to a monochromatic electromagnetic wave of sufficiently short wavelength or higher frequency (or equivalently, above a threshold frequency),  which leads to the enough energy of the wave to incident and get absorbed to the exposed surface emits electrons. This phenomenon is known as the photoelectric effect or photo-emission.

The minimum amount of energy required by a metal surface to eject an electron from its surface is called work function of metal surface.

The electrons thus emitted are called photo-electrons.

The current produced as a result is called photo electricity.

Energy of photon is given by:

E=h.\nu

where:

h = Planck's constant

\nu= frequency of the incident radiation.

8 0
3 years ago
What kind of air mass comes from the Gulf of Mexico? A. continental tropical B. continental polar C. maritime tropical D. mariti
Yakvenalex [24]
A. Hope this helps! (:
8 0
3 years ago
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