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3 years ago

If Star A is magnitude 1.0 and Star B is magnitude 9.6 , which is brighter and by what factor?

Physics

1 answer:

ludmilkaskok [199]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Star A is brighter than Star B by a factor of 2754.22

Explanation:

Lets assume,

the magnitude of star A = m₁ = 1

the magnitude of star B = m₂ = 9.6

the apparent brightness of star A and star B are b₁ and b₂ respectively

Then, relation between the difference of magnitudes and apparent brightness of two stars are related as give below: $(m_{2} - m_{1}) = 2.5\log_{10}(b_{1}/b_{2})$

The current magnitude scale followed was formalized by Sir Norman Pogson in 1856. On this scale a magnitude 1 star is 2.512 times brighter than magnitude 2 star. A magnitude 2 star is 2.512 time brighter than a magnitude 3 star. That means a magnitude 1 star is (2.512x2.512) brighter than magnitude 3 bright star.

We need to find the factor by which star A is brighter than star B. Using the equation given above,

$(9.6 - 1) = 2.5\log_{10}(b_{1}/b_{2})$

$\frac{8.6}{2.5} = \log_{10}(b_{1}/b_{2})$

$\log_{10}(b_{1}/b_{2}) = 3.44$

Thus,

$(b_{1}/b_{2}) = 2754.22$

It means star A is 2754.22 time brighter than Star B.

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The height (in meters) of a projectile shot vertically upward from a point 2 m above ground level with an initial velocity of 22

alexgriva [62]

1) The law of motion of the projectile is
$h(t) = 2+22.5 t-4.9 t^2$
To find the velocity, we should compute the derivative of h(t):
$v(t)=h'(t)=22.5-2\cdot 4.9t=22.5-9.8t$
So now we can calculate the speed at t=2 s and t=4 s:
$v(2.0s)=22.5-9.8\cdot2.0 =2.9 m/s$
$v(4.0s)=22.5-9.8\cdot 4.0s=-16.7 m/s$
The negative sign in the second speed means the projectile has already reached its maximum height and it is now going downward.

2) The projectile reaches its maximum height when the speed is equal to zero:
$v(t)=0$
So we have
$22.5-9.8 t=0$
And solving this we find
$t=2.30 s$

3) To find the maximum height, we take h(t) and we just replace t with the time at which the projectile reaches the maximum height, i.e. t=2.30 s:
$h(2.30 s)=2+22.5\cdot 2.30 -4.9 \cdot (2.30s)^2 = 27.83 m$

4) The time at which the projectile hits the ground is the time at which the height is zero: h(t)=0. So, this translates into
$2+22.5t -4.9 t^2 = 0$
This is a second-order equation, and if we solve it we get two solutions: the first solution is negative, so we can ignore it since it's physically meaningless; the second solution is
$t=4.68 s$
And this is the time at which the projectile hits the ground.

5) The velocity of the projectile when it hits the ground is the velocity at time t=4.68 s:
$v(4.68 s)=22.5-9.8\cdot 4.68 =-23.36 m/s$
with negative sign, because it is directed downward.

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