All categories

3 years ago

How does the brønsted-Lowry theory define acids and bases?

Chemistry

2 answers:

Leviafan [203]3 years ago

8 0

They define acids as proton donors, and bases as proton acceptors

If you were to have:

HNO3 + H2O -> H3O+. + NO3-

You can see that the nitric acid (HNO3) gave a hydrogen ion which has 1 proton, 0 neutrons and 0 electrons to the water so we just say that it gave a proton.

Now let's see a base

NH3 + H2O -> NH4+ + OH-

Now, you can see that the ammonia (NH3) gained a hydrogen ion (proton) from the water to become ammonium(NH4). which means it accepted a proton

That's basically it. Feel free to ask if you have any further questions

Tpy6a [65]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor.

A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor.

Explanation:

$\underbrace{\hbox{NH$_{3}$}}_{\hbox{base}} + \underbrace{\hbox{HCl}}_{\hbox{acid}} \longrightarrow \text{NH$_{4}^{+}$} + \text{Cl$^{-}$}$

The NH₃ is a Brønsted-Lowry base because it accepts a proton to become NH₄⁺.

The HCl is a Brønsted-Lowry acid because it donates a proton to NH₃ and becomes Cl⁻ .

You might be interested in

A large container holds 2 liters of water. 45.0 grams of NaCl is added to the container. What is the molarity of sodium chloride

djverab [1.8K]

Answer:

THE MOLARITY OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN THE CONTAINER IS 0.3846 M.

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute per dm3 of solution.

Mass concentration = Molar concentration * Molar mass

1. calculate the mass concentration;

Mass conc. = 45 g in 2 L

= 45 g in 2 dm3

In 1 dm3, the mass will be 45 / 2

= 22.5 g/dm3 of NaCl.

2. Calculate the molar mass;

(Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)

Molar mass = ( 23 + 35.5 ) g/mol

Molar mass = 58.5 g/mol

3. calculate the molarity

Molarity = mss concentration / molar mass

Molarity = 22.5 g/dm3 / 58.5 g/mol

Molarity = 0.3846 mol/dm3 of NaCl.

The molarity of sodium chloride in the container is 0.3846 mol/dm3

4 0

2 years ago

78.6 grams of O2 and 67.3 grams of F2 are placed in a container with a volume of 40.6 L. Find the total pressure if the gasses a

saul85 [17]

1) List the known and unknown quantities.

Sample: O2.

Mass: 78.6 g.

Volume: 40.6 L.

Temperature: 43.13 ºC = 316.28 K.

Sample: F2.

Mass: 67.3 g.

Volume: 40.6 L.

Temperature: 43.13 ºC = 316.28 K.

2) Find the pressure of O2.

2.1- List the known and unknown quantities.

Sample: O2.

Mass: 78.6 g.

Volume: 40.6 L.

Temperature: 43.13 ºC = 316.28 K

Ideal gas constant: 0.082057 L * atm * K^(-1) * mol^(-1).

2.2- Convert grams of O2 to moles of O2.

The molar mass of O2 is 31.9988 g/mol.

$mol\text{ }O_2=78.6\text{ }g*\frac{1\text{ }mol\text{ }O_2}{31.9988\text{ }g\text{ }O_2}=2.46\text{ }mol\text{ }O_2$

2.3- Set the equation.

Ideal gas constant: 0.082057 L * atm * K^(-1) * mol^(-1)

$PV=nRT$

2.4- Plug in the known quantities and solve for P.

$(P)(40.6\text{ }L)=(2.46\text{ }mol\text{ }O_2)(0.082057\text{ }L*atm*K^{-1}*mol^{-1})(316.28\text{ }K)$

.

$P_{O_2}=\frac{(2.46\text{ }mol\text{ }O_2)(0.082057\text{ }L*atm*K^{-1}*mol^{-1})(316.28\text{ }K)}{40.6\text{ }L}$ $P_{O_2}=1.57\text{ }atm$

The pressure of O2 is 1.57 atm.

3) Find the pressure of F2.

3.1- List the known and unknown quantities.

Sample: F2.

Mass: 67.3 g.

Volume: 40.6 L.

Temperature: 43.13 ºC = 316.28 K.

Ideal gas constant: 0.082057 L * atm * K^(-1) * mol^(-1).

3.2- Convert grams of F2 to moles of F2.

The mmolar mass of F2 is 37.9968 g/mol.

$mol\text{ }F_2=67.3\text{ }g\text{ }F_2*\frac{1\text{ }mol\text{ }F_2}{37.9968\text{ }g\text{ }F_2}=1.77\text{ }mol\text{ }F_2$

3.3- Set the equation.

Ideal gas constant: 0.082057 L * atm * K^(-1) * mol^(-1)

$PV=nRT$

3.4- Plug in the known quantities and solve for P.

$(P)(40.6\text{ }L)=(1.77\text{ }mol\text{ }F_2)(0.082057\text{ }L*atm*K^{-1}*mol^{-1})(316.28\text{ }K)$

.

$P_{F_2}=\frac{(1.77molF_2)(0.082057L*atm*K^{-1}*mol^{-1})(316.28K)}{40.6\text{ }L}$ $P_{F_2}=1.13\text{ }atm$

The pressure of F2 is 1.13 atm.

4) The total pressure.

Dalton's law - Partial pressure. This law states that the total pressure of a gas is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures.

4.1- Set the equation.

$P_T=P_A+P_B$

4.2- Plug in the known quantities.

$P_T=1.57\text{ }atm+1.13\text{ }atm$ $P_T=2.7\text{ }atm$

The total pressure in the container is 2.7 atm.

5 0

1 year ago

What part of a wind turbine provides motion to convert into electricity?

sineoko [7]

This is somewhat of a misleading question, because all of these elements are necessary to convert motion into electricity at some point, but the generator is the last in line.

3 0

3 years ago

Which statement about the temperatures of phase changes and electrostatic forces holding the molecules is correct?(1 point)

lubasha [3.4K]

The temperature at which phase changes occur is highly dependent on the electrostatic forces between the molecules in the substance.

The forces that hold molecules together are called intermolecular forces. These intermolecular forces affect the temperature at which phase changes occur. The statement about phase changes and electrostatic forces that is correct is that; "the temperatures at which a substance changes phases indicate the relative strength of the forces between molecules in the substance."

There are three states of matter, solid liquid and gas. The order of intermolecular forces in all the states of matter are not the same. The order of strongest collective electrostatic forces to weakest collective electrostatic forces is; solid, liquid, gas.

When water boils, the forces between water molecules break, and the bonds between the atoms in water are unchanged.

When a sample of calcium carbonate is cooled, the forces strengthen, and the molecule structure becomes more rigid.

If the boiling point of acetone is lower than the boiling point of ethanol, then, the intermolecular forces in ethanol are stronger than the intermolecular forces in acetone.

Learn more about phase changes: brainly.com/question/671212

4 0

2 years ago

Without doing any calculations, list the elements in c2h4o2 in order of decreasing mass percent composition.

tia_tia [17]

In c2h4o2 there are
2 atoms of carbon
4 atoms of hydrogen
2 atoms of oxygen

Hydrogen atomic masses is 1 which was very low so 4 of them would still be the lowest mass percent. Then we have carbon and oxygen which both have 2 atoms. Oxygen atomic mass is more than carbon atomic mass, so oxygen should contribute more mass percent composition. The sequence from higher mass percent composition should be:
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen

6 0

3 years ago