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Alexeev081 [22]
3 years ago
11

A 2.750×10−2M solution of NaCl in water is at 20.0∘C. The sample was created by dissolving a sample of NaCl in water and then br

inging the volume up to 1.000 L. It was determined that the volume of water needed to do this was 999.3 mL . The density of water at 20.0∘C is 0.9982 g/mL.
Calculate the mole fraction of salt in this solution.

Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass.

Calculate the concentration of the salt solution in parts per million.
Chemistry
1 answer:
frozen [14]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Mole fraction of salt is 0.00049.

The concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass is 0.16%.

The concentration of the salt solution in parts per million is 1,610.18 .

Explanation:

Molarity of the NaCl solution = 2.750\times 10^{-2} M

Moles of NaCl = n_2

Volume of the solution = 1.000 L

Molarity=\frac{\text{Moles of compound}}{\text{Volume of solution(L)}}

2.750\times 10^{-2} M=\frac{n_1}{1 L}

n_1=2.750\times 10^{-2} mol

Mass of 2.750\times 10^{-2} mol of NaCl :

2.750\times 10^{-2} mol\times 58.5 g/mol=1.60875 g

Mass of water = m

Density of water = 0.9982 g/mL

Volume of water = 999.3 mL

Mass=Density\times Volume

m=0.9982 g/mL\times 999.3 mL=997.50 g

Moles of water =n_1=\frac{997.5 g}{18 g/mol}=55.416 mol

Mole fraction of salt = \chi_1

\chi_1=\frac{n_1}{n_1+n_2}=\frac{2.750\times 10^{-2} mol}{2.750\times 10^{-2} mol+55.416 mol}=0.00049

Percentage by mass:

\frac{\text{Mass of Solute}}{\text{Mass of Solution}}\times 100

\frac{1.60875 g}{1.60875 g+997.50 g}\times =0.16\%

The concentration of the salt solution in percent by mass is 0.16%.

The concentration of the salt solution in parts per million.

=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution(mL)}}\times 10^6

\frac{1.60875 g}{1.60875 g+997.50 g}\times 10^6=1,610.18 ppm

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b. -87,9 kJ

c. 9,60g of Mg(s)

d. 602kJ are absorbed

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

2Mg(s) + O₂(g) → 2MgO(s) ΔH = -1204kJ

a. The reaction is exothermic. Because ΔH<0. That means the reaction produces heat when occurs

b. 3,55g of Mg(s) are:

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As 2 moles of Mg(s) produce -1204 kJ of heat:

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c. If -238 kJ of heat were transferred. The moles of Mg(s) that react must be:

-238kJ × ( 2mol Mg / -1204kJ) = 0,395 moles of Mg(s). In grams:

0,395 moles × ( 24,305g / 1mol Mg) = <em>9,60g of Mg(s)</em>

d. The reverse reaction is:

2MgO(s) → 2Mg(s) + O₂(g)  ΔH = +1204kJ

40,5g of MgO(s) are:

40,5g MgO × ( 1mol MgO / 40,3044g) = 1,00 moles of MgO(s)

As 2 moles of MgO absorbe 1204kJ of energy:

1,00 moles of MgO(s) × ( +1204 kJ / 2mol MgO) = <em>602kJ are absorbed</em>

<em></em>

I hope it helps!

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