An industrial chemist studying bleaching and sterilizing prepares several hypochlorite buffers. Find the pH of the following buf
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Answer : The value of second ionization energy of Ca is 1010 kJ.
Explanation :
The formation of calcium oxide is,
= enthalpy of formation of calcium oxide = -635 kJ
The steps involved in the born-Haber cycle for the formation of :
(1) Conversion of solid calcium into gaseous calcium atoms.
= sublimation energy of calcium = 193 kJ
(2) Conversion of gaseous calcium atoms into gaseous calcium ions.
= first ionization energy of calcium = 590 kJ
(3) Conversion of gaseous calcium ion into gaseous calcium ions.
= second ionization energy of calcium = ?
(4) Conversion of molecular gaseous oxygen into gaseous oxygen atoms.
= dissociation energy of oxygen =
(5) Conversion of gaseous oxygen atoms into gaseous oxygen ions.
= first electron affinity energy of oxygen = -141 kJ
(6) Conversion of gaseous oxygen ion into gaseous oxygen ions.
= second electron affinity energy of oxygen = 878 kJ
(7) Conversion of gaseous cations and gaseous anion into solid calcium oxide.
= lattice energy of calcium oxide = -3414 kJ
To calculate the overall energy from the born-Haber cycle, the equation used will be:
Now put all the given values in this equation, we get:
Therefore, the value of second ionization energy of Ca is 1010 kJ.