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3 years ago

Define the hydraulic diameter for a rectangular duct

Engineering

1 answer:

8090 [49]3 years ago

4 0

Answer with Explanation:

Hydraulic diameter is a term analogous to the diameter of the circular sectional pipe but used for the cases when the cross sectional shape of the pipe is non circular.

It serves as an equivalent diameter that is used to calculate the Reynolds number for the flow.

The hydraulic diameter is 4 times the hydraulic radius of any section.

For a rectangular duct as shown in the attached figure

$R_{h}=\frac{Wetted_{Area}}{Wetted_{perimeter}}\\\\R_h=\frac{d\times b}{2(d+b)}\\\\\therefore D_{h}=4\times R_{h}=4\times \frac{db}{2(d+b)}=\frac{2db}{(d+b)}$

Where

$D_{h}$ is the hydraulic diameter of the duct with depth 'd' and width 'b'

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A heat pump operates on a Carnot heat pump cycle with a COP of 12.5. It keeps a space at 24°C by consuming 2.15 kW of power. Det

Vinil7 [7]

Answer:

a) $T_{L} = 273.378\,K\,(0.228\,^{\textdegree}C)$ , b) $\dot Q_{H} = 26.875\,kW$

Explanation:

a) The Coefficient of Performance of the Carnot Heat Pump is:

$COP_{HP} = \frac{T_{H}}{T_{H}-T_{L}}$

After some algebraic handling, the temperature of the cold reservoir is determined:

$T_{H}-T_{L} = \frac{T_{H}}{COP_{HP}}$

$T_{L} = T_{H}\cdot \left(1-\frac{1}{COP_{HP}} \right)$

$T_{L} = (297.15\,K)\cdot \left(1-\frac{1}{12.5}\right)$

$T_{L} = 273.378\,K\,(0.228\,^{\textdegree}C)$

b) The heating load provided by the heat pump is:

$\dot Q_{H} = COP_{HP}\cdot \dot W$

$\dot Q_{H} = (12.5)\cdot (2.15\,kW)$

$\dot Q_{H} = 26.875\,kW$

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3 years ago

An escalator handles a steady load of 26 people per minute in elevating them from the first to the second floor through a vertic

photoshop1234 [79]

Answer:

$\eta = 70.711\,\%$

Explanation:

The power needed to make the escalator working is obtained by means of the Work-Energy Theorem:

$\dot W = \dot U_{g}$

$\dot W = \dot n \cdot m_{p}\cdot g \cdot \Delta y$

$\dot W = \left(26\,\frac{persons}{min}\right)\cdot (124\,lbm)\cdot \left(32.174\,\frac{ft}{s^{2}}\right)\cdot \left(\frac{1\,lbf}{32.174\,\frac{lbm\cdot ft}{s^{2}} } \right)\cdot (27.5\,ft)$

$\dot W = 88660\,\frac{lbf\cdot ft}{min}\,\left(2.687\,hp\right)$

The mechanical efficiency of the escalator is:

$\eta = \frac{2.687\,hp}{3.8\,hp}\times 100\,\%$

$\eta = 70.711\,\%$

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3 years ago

A rigid tank contains 1 kg of oxygen (O2) at p1 = 35 bar, T1 = 180 K. The gas is cooled until the temperature drops to 150 K. De

andreyandreev [35.5K]

Answer:

a. Volume = 13.36 x 10^-3 m³ Pressure = 29.17 bar b. Volume = 14.06 x 10^-3 m³ Pressure = 22.5 bar

Explanation:

Mass of O₂ = 1kg, Pressure (P1) = 35bar, T1= 180K, T2= 150k Molecular weight of O₂ = 32kg/Kmol

Volume of tank and final pressure using a)Ideal Gas Equation and b) Redlich - Kwong Equation

a. PV=mRT

V = {1 x (8314/32) x 180}/(35 x 10⁵) = 13.36 x 10^-3

Since it is a rigid tank the volume of the tank must remain constant and hnece we can say

T2/T1 = P2/P1, solving for P2

P2 = (150/180) x 35 = 29.17bar

b. P1 = {RT1/(v1-b)} - {a/v1(v1+b)(√T1)}

where R, a and b are constants with the values of, R = 0.08314bar.m³/kmol.K, a = 17.22(m³/kmol)√k, b = 0.02197m³/kmol

solving for v1

35 = {(0.08314 x 180)/(v1 - 0.02197)} - {17.22/(v1)(v1 + 0.02197)(√180)}

35 = {14.96542/(v1-0.02197)} - {1.2835/v1(v1 + 0.02197)}

Using Trial method to find v1

for v1 = 0.5

Right hand side becomes = {14.96542/(0.5-0.02197)} - {1.2835/0.5(0.5 + 0.02197)} = 31.30 ≠ Left hand side

for v1 = 0.4

Right hand side becomes = {14.96542/(0.4-0.02197)} - {1.2835/0.4(0.4 + 0.02197)} = 39.58 ≠ Left hand side

for v1 = 0.45

Right hand side becomes = {14.96542/(0.45-0.02197)} - {1.2835/0.45(0.45 + 0.02197)} = 34.96 ≅ 35

Specific Volume = 35 m³/kmol

V = m x Vspecific/M = (1 x 0.45)/32 = 14.06 x 10^-3 m³

For Pressure P2, we know that v2= v1

P2 = {RT2/(v2-b)} - {a/v2(v2+b)(√T2)} = {(0.08314 x 150)/(0.45 - 0.02197)} - {17.22/(0.45)(0.45 + 0.02197)(√150)} = 22.5 bar

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3 years ago

Ammonia is one of the chemical constituents of industrial waste that must be removed in a treatment plant before the waste can s

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Answer:

Following is attached the solution or the question given.

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Explanation:

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3 years ago

Why is it that dislocations play an important role in controlling the mechanical properties of metallic materials, however, they

klio [65]

Answer:

dislocations play an important role in controlling as

Explanation:

As dislocations plays an important role in the ductility, elasticity and plurality of materials

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