<span>They lower the activation energy.</span>
23.0 + 60.0 = 83.0° C heat energy is required to raise
Answer:
there is some difference
Explanation:
hydrogen ion --
symbol-H
Charge- 1+ or 1-
it is atom
hydroxide ion --
symbol- OH
charge-. -1
contains.- one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom.
they are bonded.
it is a molecule
Answer:
A. ΔG° = 132.5 kJ
B. ΔG° = 13.69 kJ
C. ΔG° = -58.59 kJ
Explanation:
Let's consider the following reaction.
CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
We can calculate the standard enthalpy of the reaction (ΔH°) using the following expression.
ΔH° = ∑np . ΔH°f(p) - ∑nr . ΔH°f(r)
where,
n: moles
ΔH°f: standard enthalpy of formation
ΔH° = 1 mol × ΔH°f(CaO(s)) + 1 mol × ΔH°f(CO₂(g)) - 1 mol × ΔH°f(CaCO₃(s))
ΔH° = 1 mol × (-635.1 kJ/mol) + 1 mol × (-393.5 kJ/mol) - 1 mol × (-1206.9 kJ/mol)
ΔH° = 178.3 kJ
We can calculate the standard entropy of the reaction (ΔS°) using the following expression.
ΔS° = ∑np . S°p - ∑nr . S°r
where,
S: standard entropy
ΔS° = 1 mol × S°(CaO(s)) + 1 mol × S°(CO₂(g)) - 1 mol × S°(CaCO₃(s))
ΔS° = 1 mol × (39.75 J/K.mol) + 1 mol × (213.74 J/K.mol) - 1 mol × (92.9 J/K.mol)
ΔS° = 160.6 J/K. = 0.1606 kJ/K.
We can calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction (ΔG°) using the following expression.
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
where,
T: absolute temperature
<h3>A. 285 K</h3>
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
ΔG° = 178.3 kJ - 285K × 0.1606 kJ/K = 132.5 kJ
<h3>B. 1025 K</h3>
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
ΔG° = 178.3 kJ - 1025K × 0.1606 kJ/K = 13.69 kJ
<h3>C. 1475 K</h3>
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
ΔG° = 178.3 kJ - 1475K × 0.1606 kJ/K = -58.59 kJ
A chemical reaction occurs when substances change. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce food.
1) A chemical reaction is a process by which substances can be changed into other substances. Hence, in a chemical reaction, new substances are formed.
2) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce food using carbon dioxide and water in the process of sunlight and chlorophyll. Glucose is produced during photosynthesis and the energy produced and stored as starch.
3) Valence electrons show the kind of bond that an atom can form. Reaction between two atoms that have many valence electrons is most likely covalent. An ionic bond is formed between an atom that has few valence electrons and an atom that has many valence electrons.
4) A carbohydrate is a compound that comprises of hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1. The compound that is a carbohydrate is C3H6O3.
5) Rocks contain iron. Iron oxides form when cyanobacteria produce oxygen via photosynthesis.
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