When it comes to optics, Snell's law is the basic formula to be used. If you notice, when light hits the water, the light does not travel in the same direction. After, it hits the water, it changes in angle. Light becomes refracted. This is observed when your hands tend to become bigger if you place it underwater. The formula for Snell's Law is
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂sin θ₂, where n is the index of refraction. This depends on the type of medium. For example, for air, n=1. The parameters θ₁ is the angle of incidence, and θ₂ is the angle of refraction. Critical angle is the incident angle needed so that the refract angle is 90°. So, modifying the equation:
n₁ sin θcrit = n₂sin 90°, since sin 90°=1,
sin θcrit = n₂/n₁
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (n₂/n₁)
Since liquid comes first before glass, n₁=1.75 and n₂=1.52. Substituting,
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (1.52/1.75)
θcrit = 60.29°
Answer:
c. Joints allow the roadway to expand and contract as cars put force on the bridge
Explanation:
The reasons why joints are allowed on roadway is to accommodate the contraction and expansion of the road as cars put force on them.
- Most materials used in making roadways are susceptible to expansion and contraction.
- When a measure of force is applied their length either increases or decreases depending on the type of force.
- To accommodate these changes, joints are placed in roadways
Answer: The level of CO2 has risen.
Explanation:
From the table shown, we can see that the quantity of CO₂ in the atmosphere has steadily risen since the year 1960 going from 317 CO₂PPM in that year to 390 CO₂PPM in 2010.
This is a cause for alarm because with so much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there will be an even greater greenhouse effect that will contribute to global warming.
If you write down the formula for friction, you will get an answer.
Ff = u * N Where N is a push down force that an object experiences.
u (mu) is a constant and has no units
It may not be accelerating and still experience friction. A is not correct.
Color and Density will not affect the frictional force. B is not so.
Buoyant forces are a different thing altogether. Generally friction has nothing to do with them. C is incorrect.
The last one is your answer. Technically mg should be the answer and not mass, but the second part is correct.
Answer:
I. a, c, f and h
II. e
III. b, d, g and i
IV. i
Explanation:
I. Chemical symbols are simple abbreviations used to represent various elements or compound. They consist entire of alphabet.
For the diagram given above, the labelled parts which represent chemical symbol are: a, c, f and h
II. Coefficients are numbers written before the chemical symbol of elements or compound.
For the diagram given above, the labelled part which represent Coefficient is: e
III. Number of atoms of element present in a compound is simply obtained by taking note of the numbers written as subscript in the chemical formula of the compound.
For the diagram given above, the labelled part which represent the number of atoms of the element are: b, d, g and i
IV. When no number is written as subscript in the formula of the element in the compound, it means the element has just 1 atom in the compound.
For the diagram given above, the labelled part which indicates that only 1 atom of the element is present is: i
