The control setup in this experiment would be one tank that does not contain any of the additives. Since the tanks with the gasoline additives would need to be compared with a tank that is not affected by the results of these additives.
This is a concept of momentum. In equation, momentum is the product of force and distance. When a ball is thrown, its force is constant all throughout unless disturbed by an external force. Therefore, force is the constant of proportionality that relates momentum with distance. When you block a ball from a given distance, you would feel the great force on your hand. In order to reduce the force, you have to follow the direction of the force in order to minimize the impact. By doing this, you gradually decrease the momentum of the ball.
