Answer:
(a) Surface energy is greater than grain boundary energy due to the fact that the bonds of the atoms on the surface are lower than those of the atoms at the grain boundary. The energy is also directly proportional to the number of bonds created.
(b) The energy of a high-angle grain boundary is higher than that of a small-angle grain boundary because the high-angle grain boundary has a higher misalignment and smaller number of bonds than a small-angle grain boundary.
Explanation:
(a) Surface energy is greater than grain boundary energy due to the fact that the bonds of the atoms on the surface are lower than those of the atoms at the grain boundary. The energy is also directly proportional to the number of bonds created.
(b) The energy of a high-angle grain boundary is higher than that of a small-angle grain boundary because the high-angle grain boundary has a higher misalignment and smaller number of bonds than a small-angle grain boundary.
Answer:
5.1 Personnel Security. ...
5.2 Physical and Environmental Protection. ...
5.3 Production, Input and Output Controls. ...
5.4 Contingency Planning and Disaster Recovery. ...
5.5 System Configuration Management Controls. ...
5.6 Data Integrity / Validation Controls. ...
5.7 Documentation. ...
5.8 Security Awareness and Training.
Lick the bullet and push it down
