A solute dissolves in excess solvent to form a solution:
solute + solvent → solution
<h3>What is the Enthalpy and their relation ? </h3>
A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is frequently employed in measurements of chemical, biological, and physical systems at constant pressure, which the sizable surrounding environment conveniently provides.
A solution is a uniform mixture of two or more components that can exist in the solid, liquid, or gas phases. The amount of heat that is released or absorbed during the dissolving process is known as the enthalpy change of solution (at constant pressure).
There are two possible values for this enthalpy of solution ( H solution ) : positive (endothermic) and negative (exothermic). It is most straightforward to visualize a hypothetical three-step process occurring between two substances while trying to grasp the enthalpy of solution. The solute is one substance; let's call it A. The solvent is the second component; let's call it B.
The initial procedure exclusively affects the solute A and calls for disabling all intramolecular forces holding it together. This indicates that the molecules of the solute separate. This process' enthalpy is known as H1. Since breaking interactions requires energy, this is always an endothermic process, hence H1>0.
Their sign will be opposite.
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C. disposal of waste products continues to be a problem
The answer in this question is FALSE. Hydrogen atom has electronic configuration 1s^1. It needs only one more electron to make a closed sub-shell. Therefore, a stable hydrogen atom does not have an octet but a duplet. Therefore, the statement is false.
The energy of the 434 nm emission line is 4.58×10¯¹⁹ J (Option A)
<h3>Data obtained from the question </h3>
The following data were obtained from the question:
- Wavelength (λ) = 434 nm = 434×10¯⁹ m
- Planck's constant (h) = 6.626×10¯³⁴ Js
- Speed of light (v) = 3×10⁸ m/s
- Energy (E) =?
<h3>How to determine the energy </h3>
The energy of the 434 nm emission line can be obtained as follow:
E = hv / λ
E = (6.626×10¯³⁴ × 3×10⁸) / 434×10¯⁹ 9.58×10¹⁴
E = 4.58×10¯¹⁹ J
Thus, the energy of the 434 nm emission line is 4.58×10¯¹⁹ J
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I think the answer is Number #2 it's mass stays the same