Answer:
Explanation:
The equation is given as:
CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O
This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:
Step 1:
Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps
Step 2:
Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)
Step 3:
As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.
The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.
Step 4:
An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.
Step 5:
Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.
Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below
Examples : cohesion , polarity , high specific heat , adhesion.<span />
Answer:
1) The cryosphere contains the frozen parts of the planet. This sphere helps maintain Earth's climate by reflecting incoming solar radiation back into space. As the world warms due to increasing greenhouse gases being added to the atmosphere by humans, the snow and ice are melting.
2) Organisms like the Frilled Shark, Giant Spider Crab. Atlantic Wolffish Pair, Fangtooth Fish, Six-Gill Shark, Giant Tube Worms, Vampire Squid, Pacific Viperfish. But there are most likely archaeabacteria which are prokaryotic bacteria or single-celled organisms. A Prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus. It only contains one chromosome and is a single-celled organism. It was the only form of life on earth for millions of years. Examples of a Prokaryotic cell are the different types of bacteria present today.
3) Many different types of plant and animal communities call estuaries home because their waters are typically brackish — a mixture of fresh water draining from the land and salty seawater. This unique combination of salty and fresh water creates a variety of habitats. Estuaries are full of decaying plants and animals. This makes the soil of estuaries rich in nutrients. Because the soil is so rich, lots of different plants grow in estuaries. The plants attract lots of different animals to the estuary and those animals attract other animals to the estuary.
4) Temperature, humidity, precipitation, air pressure, wind speed, and wind direction are key observations of the atmosphere that help forecasters predict the weather. These same factors have been used since the first weather observations were recorded. Observational data collected by doppler radar, radiosondes, weather satellites, buoys and other instruments are fed into computerized NWS numerical forecast models. The models use equations, along with new and past weather data, to provide forecast guidance to our meteorologists. The three main factors of weather are light (solar radiation), water (moisture) and temperature.
Explanation:
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