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As light from a star races through our atmosphere, it bounces and bumps through the different layers, bending the light before you see it. Since the hot and cold layers of air keep moving, the bending of the light changes too, which causes the star's appearance to wobble or twinkle.
Answer:
The amount of energy required is 
Explanation:
The energy required to convert the ice to steam is the sum of:
1) Energy required to raise the temperature of the ice from -20 to 0 degree Celsius.
2) Latent heat required to convert the ice into water.
3) Energy required to raise the temperature of water from 0 degrees to 100 degrees
4) Latent heat required to convert the water at 100 degrees to steam.
The amount of energy required in each process is as under
1) 
where
' is specific heat of ice =
2) Amount of heat required in phase 2 equals
3) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water from 0 to 100 degrees centigrade equals
where
' is specific heat of water=
4) Amount of heat required in phase 4 equals
Thus the total heat required equals 
The values of these two forces are equal. Your weight on Earth is equal to the Earth's weight on you. When you and the Earth fall toward each other, your acceleration is greater than the Earth's acceleration, because your mass is less than the Earth's mass.
Sum up the moments of the right and the left support:
∑ M2 = 0
F1 · 3.92 m = 46 kg · 9,81 m/s² · 4.46 m + 250 kg · 9.81 m/s² · 1.96 m
F 1 · 3.92 = 2012.6 + 4806.9
F 1 = 6819.5 : 3.92
F 1 = 1739.67 N
∑ M 1 = 0
F 2 · 3.92 m + 46 kg · 9.81 m/s² · 0.54 m = 250 kg · 9.81 m/s² · 1.96 m
F 2 · 3.92 + 243.68 = 4806.9
F 2 · 3.92 = 4563.22
F 2 = 4563.22 : 3.92
F 2 = 1164 N
Answer: The forces on the beam are: F 1 = 1739.67 N and F 2 = 1164 N.
