Answer:
Part a)

Part B)

Explanation:
As we know that when both the forces are acting on the object in same direction then we will have

as we know that

m = 10.6 kg
now we will have


Now two forces are in opposite direction then we have


Part A)
Now we will have from above two equation

Part B)
Similarly for other force we have

Because the air in their wings helps them fly
Explanation:
It is given that The Moon's center is 3.9x10⁸ m from Earth's center. The moon 1.5x10⁸ km from the Sun's center. We need to find the ratio of the gravitational forces exerted by Earth and the Sun on the Moon.
The gravitational force is given by :

It means 
So,

r₁ = 3.9x10⁸ km
r₂= 1.5x10⁸ km
So,

Hence, the ratio of the gravitational forces exerted by Earth and the Sun on the Moon is 5:13.