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Inessa [10]
3 years ago
15

A proton and an alpha particle are momentarily at rest at adistance r from each other. They then begin to move apart.Find the sp

eed of the proton by the time the distance between theproton and the alpha particle doubles. Both particles arepositively charged. The charge and the mass of the proton are,respectively, e and m. The e charge and the mass of the alphaparticle are, respectively, 2e and 4m.
Find the speed of the proton (vf)p by the time the distancebetween the particles doubles.
Express your answer in terms of some or all of the quantities,e, m, r, and ?0.
Which of the following quantities are unknown?
A initial separation of the particles
B final separation of the particles
C initial speed of the proton
D initial speed of the alpha particle
E final speed of the proton
F final speed of the alpha particle
G mass of the proton
H mass of the alpha particle
I charge of the proton
J charge of the alpha particle
Physics
1 answer:
Arte-miy333 [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

The unknown quantities are:

E and F

The final velocity of the proton is:

√(8/3) k e^2/(m*r)

Explanation:

Hello!

We can solve this problem using conservation of energy and momentum.

Since both particles are at rest at the beginning, the initial energy and momentum are:

Ei = k (q1q2)/r

pi = 0

where k is the coulomb constant (= 8.987×10⁹ N·m²/C²)

and q1 = e and q2 = 2e

When the distance between the particles doubles, the energy and momentum are:

Ef = k (q1q2)/2r + (1/2)m1v1^2 + (1/2)m2v2^2

pf = m1v1 + m2v2

with m1 = m,   m2 = 4m,    v1=vf_p,    v2 = vf_alpha

The conservation momentum states that:

pi = pf      

Therefore:

m1v1 + m2v2 = 0

That is:

v2 = (1/4) v1

The conservation of energy states that:

Ei = Ef

Therefore:

k (q1q2)/r = k (q1q2)/2r + (1/2)m1v1^2 + (1/2)m2v2^2

Replacing

      m1 =  m, m2 = 4m, q1 = e, q2 = 2e

      and   v2 = (1/4)v1

We get:

(1/2)mv1^2 = k e^2/r + (1/2)4m(v1/4)^2 =  k e^2/r + (1/8)mv1^2

(3/8) mv1^2 = k e^2/r

v1^2 = (8/3) k e^2/(m*r)

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2.(Ramp section) Suppose the height of the ramp is h1= 0.40m, and the foot of the ramp is horizontal, and is h2= 1.5m above the
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Answer:

a) the distance that the solid steel sphere sliding down the ramp without friction is 1.55 m

b) the distance that a solid steel sphere rolling down the ramp without slipping is 1.31 m

c) the distance that a spherical steel shell with shell thickness 1.0 mm rolling down the ramp without slipping is 1.2 m

d) the distance that a solid aluminum sphere rolling down the ramp without slipping is 1.31 m

 

Explanation:

Given that;

height of the ramp h1 = 0.40 m

foot of the ramp above the floor h2 = 1.50 m

assuming R = 15 mm = 0.015 m

density of steel = 7.8 g/cm³

density of aluminum =  2.7 g/cm³

a) distance that the solid steel sphere sliding down the ramp without friction;

we know that

distance = speed × time

d = vt --------let this be equ 1

according to the law of conservation of energy

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv²

v² = 2gh₁  

v = √(2gh₁)

from the second equation; s = ut +  \frac{1}{2} at²

that is; t = √(2h₂/g)

so we substitute for equations into equation 1

d = √(2gh₁) × √(2h₂/g)

d = √(2gh₁) × √(2h₂/g)

d = 2√( h₁h₂ )    

we plug in our values

d = 2√( 0.40 × 1.5 )

d = 1.55 m

Therefore, the distance that the solid steel sphere sliding down the ramp without friction is 1.55 m

b)

distance that a solid steel sphere rolling down the ramp without slipping;

we know that;

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv² + \frac{1}{2} I_{}ω²

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv² + \frac{1}{2} (\frac{2}{5}mR²) ω²

v = √( \frac{10}{7}gh₁  )

so we substitute √( \frac{10}{7}gh₁  ) for v and  t = √(2h₂/g) in equation 1;

d = vt

d = √( \frac{10}{7}gh₁  ) × √(2h₂/g)  

d = 1.69√( h₁h₂ )

we substitute our values

d = 1.69√( 0.4 × 1.5 )  

d = 1.31 m

Therefore, the distance that a solid steel sphere rolling down the ramp without slipping is 1.31 m

 

c)

distance that a spherical steel shell with shell thickness 1.0 mm rolling down the ramp without slipping;

we know that;

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv² + \frac{1}{2} I_{}ω²

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv² + \frac{1}{2} (\frac{2}{3}mR²) ω²

v = √( \frac{6}{5}gh₁ )

so we substitute √( \frac{6}{5}gh₁ ) for v and t = √(2h₂/g) in equation 1 again

d = vt

d = √( \frac{6}{5}gh₁ ) × √(2h₂/g)

d = 1.549√( h₁h₂ )

d = 1.549√( 0.4 × 1.5 )

d = 1.2 m

Therefore, the distance that a spherical steel shell with shell thickness 1.0 mm rolling down the ramp without slipping is 1.2 m

d) distance that a solid aluminum sphere rolling down the ramp without slipping.

we know that;

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv² + \frac{1}{2} I_{}ω²

mgh₁ = \frac{1}{2} mv² + \frac{1}{2} (\frac{2}{5}mR²) ω²

v = √( \frac{10}{7}gh₁  )

so we substitute √( \frac{10}{7}gh₁  ) for v and  t = √(2h₂/g) in equation 1;

d = vt

d = √( \frac{10}{7}gh₁  ) × √(2h₂/g)  

d = 1.69√( h₁h₂ )

we substitute our values

d = 1.69√( 0.4 × 1.5 )  

d = 1.31 m

Therefore, the distance that a solid aluminum sphere rolling down the ramp without slipping is 1.31 m

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NASA scientists suggest using rotating cylindrical spacecraft to replicate gravity while in a weightless environment. Consider s
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Answer:

Explanation:

Given

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radius r=74\ m

Force of gravity F_g=mg

where m =mass of object

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F_c=F_g

\frac{mv^2}{r}=mg

\frac{v^2}{r}=g

v=\sqrt{gr}

v=\sqrt{1450.4}

v=38.08\ m/s    

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