Approximately of steam at (assuming that the boiling point of water in this experiment is .)
Explanation:
Latent heat of condensation/evaporation of water: .
Both mass values in this question are given in grams. Hence, convert the specific heat values from this question to .
Specific heat of water: .
Specific heat of copper: .
The temperature of this calorimeter and the of water that it initially contains increased from to . Calculate the amount of energy that would be absorbed:
.
.
Hence, it would take an extra of energy to increase the temperature of the calorimeter and the of water that it initially contains from to .
Assume that it would take grams of steam at ensure that the equilibrium temperature of the system is .
In other words, of steam at would need to release as it condenses (releases latent heat) and cools down to .
Latent heat of condensation from of steam: .
Energy released when that of water from the steam cools down from to :
.
These two parts of energy should add up to . That would be exactly what it would take to raise the temperature of the calorimeter and the water that it initially contains from to .
.
Solve for :
.
Hence, it would take approximately of steam at for the equilibrium temperature of the system to be .
Any transparent surface in practical is neither a perfect absorber of electromagnetic waves neither a perfect reflector. Generally all the transparent surfaces reflect some amount of irradiation and the other parts are absorbed and transmitted.
<u>That is given by as relation:</u>
where:
absorptivity which is defined as the ratio of the absorbed radiation to the total irradiation
reflectivity is defined as the ratio of reflected radiation to the total irradiation
transmittivity is defined as the ratio of total transmitted radiation to the total irradiation
The term i.e. intermolecular forces would be used to explain the attraction forces. Here the interaction would be done between molecules etc that acts between the acts & the other types of particles i.e. neighboring like atoms or ions
So in the given case, the option b would be contributed to the molecules that have intermolecular forces