Answer:
In a closed-loop system, matter is used to generate energy, and the energy generated is used to produce matter, and the cycle goes on without end.
Explanation:
A closed-loop system is one in which materials or energy is recycled without end through a production cycle. This means that a raw material is used to produce a finished product, and the finished product at the end of its use cycle is converted back and used as a raw material to produce more of it again. Energy and matter can also be cycled in the same way in an energy and matter closed-loop system, converting matter to energy, and the energy is put back into the production of more of the matter.
Answer:
Explanation:
Initially no of atoms of A = N₀(A)
Initially no of atoms of B = N₀(B)
5 X N₀(A) = N₀(B)
N = N₀ 
N is no of atoms after time t , λ is decay constant and t is time .
For A
N(A) = N(A)₀ 
For B
N(B) = N(B)₀ 
N(A) = N(B) , for t = 2 h
N(A)₀
= N(B)₀ 
N(A)₀
= 5 x N₀(A) 
= 5 
= 5 
half life = .693 / λ
For A
.77 = .693 / λ₁
λ₁ = .9 h⁻¹
= 5 
Putting t = 2 h , λ₁ = .9 h⁻¹
= 5 
= 30.25
2 x λ₂ = 3.41
λ₂ = 1.7047
Half life of B = .693 / 1.7047
= .4065 hours .
= .41 hours .
Answer:
The minimum speed required is 2.62m/s
Explanation:
The value of gravitational acceleration = g = 9.81 m/s^2
Radius of the vertical circle = R = 0.7 m
Given the mass of the pail of water = m
The speed at the highest point of the circle = V
The centripetal force will be needed must be more than the weight of the pail of water in order to not spill water.
Below is the calculation:




Well, in some systems the atoms melt or burn or change state like from liquid to gases when they reach a certain temperature. This could decrease the energy in the system.
Hope I helped