Answer:
The type of salt to be added to the water is not known from the question but no worries, I will try to give you the step by step procedure to answer any type of question similar to this.
To answer this question, we should know some facts.
1. the molar freezing point depression constant of water (Kf) = 1.86 K kg/mol
2. the molar mass of the salt if NaCl = 58.5 g/mol ; KCl = 74.5 g/mol
3. since the salt can dissociate if NaCl or KCl into two ions, the Van't Hoff factor ( i )= 2
Note that: the change in freezing point, molarity, deepression constant and van't Hoff factor are related by this formula;
ΔTf = i Kf m
So lets take NaCl as the salt:
Molar mass = 58.5 g/mol
Van't Hoff factor = 2
1. calculate the number of moles
So we can calculate the molarity of the salt NaCl from the formula;
m = ΔTf / i Kf
m = 5 / 2 * 1.86
m = 5 / 3.72
m = 1.344 mol/kg
2. calculate the number of moles of the salt required
Next is to multiply the molarity by the mass of water. Density of water = 1kg/L
number of moles = 1.344 mol/kg * 1 Kg/L * 1 kg water
number of moles = 1.344 moles.
3. calculate the mass of the salt.
numner of moles = mass / molar mass
mass = number of moles * molar mass
mass = 1.344 * 58.5
mass = 78.624 g of NaCl salt.
You can follow these steps to solve for the type of salt you are given in the question.
