Answer:
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies. The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 10²⁵ hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus. This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are produced, how they interact with matter, and their practical applications. There is no known limit for long wavelengths, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length. Extreme ultraviolet, soft X-rays, hard X-rays and gamma rays are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Exposure to these rays can be a health hazard, causing radiation sickness, DNA damage and cancer. Radiation of visible light wavelengths and lower are called nonionizing radiation as they cannot cause these effects.
Explanation:
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Explanation:
Because There are 6.022x10^23 atoms per mole; therefore, (6.022x10^23×3)=18.066x10^23 atoms of titanium.
Answer:
A soap or alcohol will interfere with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules making it weaker
Explanation:
A water molecule is polar as the oxygen atom is strongly electronegative and draws the electrons it shares with the hydrogen atoms in the water molecule to itself. This creates a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms. The attraction of neighboring oxygen to hydrogen atoms in a water molecule results in hydrogen bonding.
However, a detergent molecule which has a polar head and a hydrophobic tail, when added to water significantly interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. The polar head is attracted to water molecules whereas the hydrophobic tail of each molecule are not. The detergent molecules form clusters known as micelles with the polar heads attracted to water and the hydrophobic tails directed towards the center of the micelle, away from water molecules. This weakens the hydrogen bonding between water molecules
An alcohol contains a polar -OH group in its molecules. However, the hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules are weaker than that in water because the other end of the alcohol molecule has a C-O bond which is less polar than the O-H bond. Therefore, when an alcohol is added to water, it weakens the hydrogen bonding in water.
This weakening of the hydrogen bonding in water also has the effect of lowering the surface tension of water.
