Explanation:
Effective nuclear charge is defined as he net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom. It is termed "effective" because the shielding effect of electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge of the nucleus due to the repelling effect of inner-layer electrons.
The 1s is the closest shell to the nucleus of an therefore maximum nuclear charge is experienced. The formula for effective nuclear charge is:
Zeff = Z – S
where
Z = the number of protons in the nucleus, and
S = the shielding constant, the average number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron.
Hence, the energy required to remove an electron from the 1s orbital is the strongest.
Answer:
Explanation:
Momentum conservation
Kinetic energy conservation
Solve the system
Answer:
80 times 12=960
Explanation:
You have to do the equation for work, the equation is work= force times distance, the force here is 80newtons, the distance is 12meters, so you would do 80 times 12 to get your answer of 960
It would be helpful if you draw the figure of the problem. You will see that a right triangle would be constructed by the problem where 19.0 is the angle between the hypotenuse and the base of the triangle. It is said that the force acting is said to be 9.0 N at the said angle to the horizontal. Using trigonometric relations,
cos 19 = adjacent / hypotenuse = horizontal component / 9
horizontal component = 8.51 N
If a constant force is applied on a body, the body moves with constant acceleration.
