Answer:
Explanation:
The usefulness of a buffer is its ability to resist changes in pH when small quantities of base or acid are added to it. This ability is the consequence of having both the conjugate base and the weak acid present in solution which will consume the added base or acid.
This capacity is lost if the ratio of the concentration of conjugate base to the concentration of weak acid differ by an order of magnitude. Since buffers having ratios differing by more will have their pH driven by either the weak acid or its conjugate base .
From the Henderson-Hasselbach equation we have that
pH = pKa + log [A⁻]/[HA]
thus
0.1 ≤ [A⁻]/[HA] ≤ 10
Therefore the log of this range is -1 to 1, and the pH will have a useful range of within +/- 1 the pKa of the buffer.
Now we are equipped to answer our question:
pH range = 3.9 +/- 1 = 2.9 through 4.9
The reason does FeCl3 serve in the electrophilic sweet-smelling substitution response amongst chlorine and benzene is that it fills in as a Lewis corrosive impetus by responding with the Cl2 and along these lines actuates it toward assault by benzene's π electrons.
<u>Answer:</u> The volume of water required is 398 mL
<u>Explanation:</u>
To calculate the molarity of solution, we use the equation:
We are given:
Mass of solute (manganese (II) nitrate tetrahydrate) = 16 g
Molar mass of manganese (II) nitrate tetrahydrate = 251 g/mol
Molarity of solution = 0.16 M
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the volume of water required is 398 mL
Answer:
ΔG < 0
Explanation:
The condition for spontaneity of a chemical reaction is that ∆G<0. Hence for any biochemical reaction to proceed as written, ∆G must have a negative value.
If ∆G >0, the reaction is not spontaneous and will not proceed as written. ∆G=0 means that the reaction has attained equilibrium.
