Condensation, radiation, convection, conduction are many ways heat is transferred from atmosphere to ocean. however heat comes from the sun then, to the atmosphere.
Sun is the only source of heat on earth. Heat from sun first passes through atmosphere and then fall on the earth's surface i.e. land and ocean.
Condensation, Radiation, Convection, Conduction transfers heat within the atmosphere and ocean such as rise of hot air, cooling and then falling is the example of convection whereas, heat from fire is the example of radiation.
The independent variable is the different amount of repellent each person is given. This is because it does not depend on any variable. The dependent variable is what they are measuring, which would be the number of bites on each volunteer. I hope this helps! :)
